| Summary: | 542 The North Dakota Indians other wood which would permit of being pared down until real thin and flexible and then reinforced with buffalo sinew which gave great strength and power. Sometimes a chief would have a bow made of bone which rated him as a very rich and honored Indian. Their arrows were made of flint or other stone and were shaped by chipping and flaking. Their stone hammers were creased and handles attached with thongs. Each tribe had its legends and traditions which were told and recited at certain intervals by the oldest Indians. They recorded the principal annual tribal events with hieroglyphics on skins as selected and voted to be chronicled by the council of chiefs. The traditions of the American Indian are his war paint and dances, his moccasins and deerskin dress, his bow and arrow, his tomahawk and stone hammers, his shields and medicine bags, his pipe and teepee and his hieroglyphics and petroglyphics. The teepee of the Dakotas is conical and pointed while the wikiup of the Chippewas is low and rounded. Native Indian traders from New Mexico and other remote places used to come to visit and barter in trade with the local Missouri River tribes. The Heart River in the Mandan vicinity* was a neutral trading ground and the bluffs and natural amphitheatres near Almont were used as council places. L. A. Huffman, noted Ft. 'Keogh and Miles City photographer, and O. D. Wheeler, editor of Wonderland, spent two seasons many years ago in studying the vanishing pioneers and the Indian ruins at Elbowoods and the route and grass grown trails of the Lewis & Clark Expedition. D. F. Barry, noted photographer, of Superior, Wisconsin, took many pictures of North Dakota Indians and scenes in the 70s. Sir George Simpson was long the active head of the Hudson Bay Company. For years the mails from even the remotest trading posts in the Far North was collected and brought to Pembina each spring and fall to be mailed in the U. S. postoffice and dispatched via St. Paul. Indian couriers were often employed as mail carriers. Chippewa is a popular adaptation of Ojibway. Ojibway is a tribe of the Algonquin Indians and means "to roast till puckered UP"—referring to the puckered seam on their moccasins. From "Ojib", to pucker up, and "ub-way", to roast. Scanned with a Zeutschel Zeta book scanner at 300 dpi. Edited with Multi-Page TIFF Editor.
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