Simulations of dense snow avalanches on deflecting dams

• Published in: Annals of Glaciology
• Main Authors: Irgens, Fridtjov, Schieldrop, Bonsak, Harbitz, Carl Bonnevie, Domaas, Ulrik, Opsahl, Runar
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge University Press 1998
• Subjects: Dam; Case Record; Mathematical Model; Numerical Method; Simulation; Avalanche-RnD; Snøskred-FoU; Annals of Glaciology
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3090613; https://doi.org/; https://doi.org/10.3189/1998AoG26-1-265-271

Two models simulating snow avalanches impacting retaining dams at oblique angles of incidence are presented. First, a lumped-mass model applying the Voellmy-Perla equation is used to calculate the path of the centre-of-mass along the side of a retaining dam. Secondly, a one-dimensional continuum model, applying depth-integrated equations of balance of mass and linear momentum, is expanded to take into account that real avalanche flows are three-dimensional. The centre-line of the avalanche path is determined by the flowing material as it progresses down the channelized avalanche path. The nonlinear constitutive equations comprise viscosity, visco-elasticity and plasticity. Both models are calibrated by simulations of a registered avalanche following a strongly curved channel. The path and the run-up height of the avalanche on the natural deflecting dam with oblique angle of incidence as calculated by the two models, are compared with the observations made.