Pc1-Pc2 waves and energetic particle precipitation during and after magnetic storms: superposed epoch analysis and case studies

• Published in: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• Main Authors: Engebretson, M.J., Lessard, M.R., Bortnik, J., Green, J.C., Horne, Richard B., Detrick, D.L., Weatherwax, A.T., Manninen, J., Petit, N.J., Posch, J.L., Rose, Michael C.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: American Geophysical Union 2008
• Subjects: Physics; Atmospheric Sciences; Space Sciences; Antarctic; South Pole; Antarc*; South pole
• Online Access: http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/11459/; https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/11459/1/2007JA012362.pdf; http://www.agu.org/journals/ja/ja0801/2007JA012362/2007JA012362.pdf

Magnetic pulsations in the Pc1-Pc2 frequency range (0.1-5 Hz) are often observed on the ground and in the Earth's magnetosphere during the aftermath of geomagnetic storms. Numerous studies have suggested that they may play a role in reducing the fluxes of energetic ions in the ring current; more recent studies suggest they may interact parasitically with radiation belt electrons as well. We report here on observations during 2005 from search coil magnetometers and riometers installed at three Antarctic stations, Halley (-61.84 degrees magnetic latitude, MLAT), South Pole (-74.18 degrees MLAT), and McMurdo (-79.96 degrees MLAT), and from energetic ion detectors on the NOAA Polar-orbiting Operational Environment Satellites (POES). A superposed epoch analysis based on 13 magnetic storms between April and September 2005 as well as case studies confirm several earlier studies that show that narrowband Pc1-Pc2 waves are rarely if ever observed on the ground during the main and early recovery phases of magnetic storms. However, intense broadband Pi1-Pi2 ULF noise, accompanied by strong riometer absorption signatures, does occur during these times. As storm recovery progresses, the occurrence of Pc1-Pc2 waves increases, at first in the daytime and especially afternoon sectors but at essentially all local times later in the recovery phase (typically by days 3 or 4). During the early storm recovery phase the propagation of Pc1-Pc2 waves through the ionospheric waveguide to higher latitudes was more severely attenuated. These observations are consistent with suggestions that Pc1-Pc2 waves occurring during the early recovery phase of magnetic storms are generated in association with plasmaspheric plumes in the noon-to-dusk sector, and these observations provide additional evidence that the propagation of waves to ground stations is inhibited during the early phases of such storms. Analysis of 30- to 250-keV proton data from four POES satellites during the 24-27 August and 18-19 July 2005 storm intervals showed that the ...