| Summary: | Thesis: Ph. D., Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2017. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 137-149). Significant changes occurred during the last deglaciation (roughly 10-20 thousand years (ka) before present) throughout the climate system. The ocean is a large reservoir of carbon and heat, however, its role during the deglaciation is still not well understood. In this thesis, I rely on radiocarbon measurements on fossil biogenic carbonates sampled from the seafloor to constrain deglacial ocean ventilation rates, using new data, an extensive data compilation, and inverse modeling. First, based on a sediment core that is absolutely dated from wooden remains, I argue that the deglacial ¹⁴C reservoir age of the upper East Equatorial Pacific was not very different from today. Combined with stable carbon isotope data, the results suggest that the deglacial atmospheric CO₂ rise was probably due to CO₂ released directly from the ocean (e.g., in the Southern Ocean) to the atmosphere rather than first mixed through the upper ocean. Then using a high-deposition-rate sediment core located close to deep water formation regions in the western North Atlantic, I show that compared to today, the mid-depth water production in the North Atlantic was probably stronger during the Younger Dryas cold episode, and weaker during other intervals of the late deglaciation. However, the change was not as large as suggested by previous studies. Finally, I compile published and unpublished deep ocean ¹⁴C data, and find that the ¹⁴C activity of the deep ocean mirrors that of the atmosphere during the past 25 ka. A box model of modern ocean circulation is fit to the compiled data using an inverse method. I find that the residuals of the fit can generally be explained by the data uncertainties, implying that the ...
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