Estimation of pollutant loads transported by runoff for today and future scenarios by using a GIS model : Case study, Luleå city centre

Urbanisation has produced an increase in impervious surfaces which is reducing the amount of storm water infiltration and increasing rapidly surface runoff. Urban storm water carries a variety of pollutants from activities on residential, commercial, and industrial land. There are several objectives...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Modaresi, Roja
Format: Bachelor Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2009
Subjects:
Online Access:http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-52131
Description
Summary:Urbanisation has produced an increase in impervious surfaces which is reducing the amount of storm water infiltration and increasing rapidly surface runoff. Urban storm water carries a variety of pollutants from activities on residential, commercial, and industrial land. There are several objectives that must be accomplished to meet the European Water Framework Directive, however to date, no clear guidelines or legislation have been established regarding storm water quality. Transition to sustainable approaches such as Best Management Practices (BMPs) and Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) is essential, especially in the face of an uncertain future with climate changes affecting the urban water system. The concentration and types of contaminants depends greatly on the type and intensity of activities and land use. By knowing the size of a catchment and the type of land use, it is possible to predict storm water run-off quantity. Subsequently, using generalised pollutant concentrations, it is possible to estimate the pollutant loads transported by the run-off to the receiving water bodies. The main objective of this study was to investigate the annual pollutant mean loads transported from a catchment to receiving water bodies. The study furthermore aimed at estimation of effects of climate change on pollutant loads. The case study was performed in the Luleå city centre located in the north part of Sweden with a cold climate condition. To perform the study, a GIS model was created with a total area of 230 hectares divided into 19 sub-catchments by using a Digital Elevation Model, an Orthophoto map, a storm water network map and a field study. Within each sub-catchment different kinds of land use were identified: roads, housing areas, parking areas, and green areas. As a result of this mapping, the pollution generated from the catchments was estimated as monthly and annual loads for today condition and also for future in periods of 2041-2070 and 2071-2100. Studied pollutants were heavy metals, such as Pb, Zn, Cu, ...