Why do party systems tend to be so stable? A review of rationalists’ contributions

The purpose of this research note is to demonstrate the usefulness ofrational choice models in making party‐system stability intelligible. First, the ‘problemof collective action among potential party‐entrepreneurs’ makes it puzzling that newpolitical parties emerge at all. Secondly, if the original...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Erlingsson, Gissur Ó
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Linköpings universitet, Centrum för kommunstrategiska studier – CKS 2009
Subjects:
Online Access:http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-21365
Description
Summary:The purpose of this research note is to demonstrate the usefulness ofrational choice models in making party‐system stability intelligible. First, the ‘problemof collective action among potential party‐entrepreneurs’ makes it puzzling that newpolitical parties emerge at all. Secondly, if the original collective‐action problem isovercome somehow, the ‘problem of voter coordination’ makes it hard for new partiesto attract voters. Finally, established competitors have incentives and resources to holdnewcomers back. I conclude by maintaining that simple, well‐known rational choicemodels explain the empirical observation by Lipset and Rokkan (1967) that partysystems tend to be ‘frozen’. Instead, the genuinely puzzling thing is why new politicalparties emerge and gain support at all. Tilgangur þessarar greinar er að sýna fram á nytsemi skynsemiskenninga við að útskýra af hverju flokkakerfi eru stöðug. Hugsanlegir flokksfrumkvöðlar lenda fyrst í „vanda sameiginlegra athafna” sem gerir það að ráðgátu að nýir flokkar myndast yfir höfuð. Ef vandi sameiginlegra athafna er leystur, þá eiga nýir flokkar erfitt með að fá kjósendur til fylgis við sig vegna þess að enginn vill kjósa flokk sem enginn annar kýs. Að lokum þá hafa keppinautar til langs tíma hvata og getu til að halda nýjum keppinautum niðri. Niðurstaða mín er sú að einfaldar og vel þekktar skynsemiskenningar útskýri vel þá niðurstöðu Lipset og Rokkan (1967) að flokkakerfi hafi tilhneigingu til að frjósa. Hin sanna ráðgáta felst í því af hverju nýir flokkar verði til yfir höfuð og njóti fylgis. Original Publication: Gissur Ó Erlingsson, Why do party systems tend to be so stable? A review of rationalists’ contributions, 2009, Bifröst Journal of Social Science, (3), 1. Licensee: Bifröst University, Iceland http://bjss.bifrost.is/index.php/bjss/index