A review of halogenated natural products in Arctic, Subarctic and Nordic ecosystems

• Published in: Emerging Contaminants
• Main Authors: Bidleman, Terry, Andersson, Agneta, Jantunen, Liisa, Kucklick, John, Kylin, Henrik, Letcher, Robert, Tysklind, Mats, Wong, Fiona
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring 2019
• Subjects: Halogenated natural products; HNP; Arctic; Scandinavia; Baltic Sea; air; water; sediment; biota; physicochemical properties; Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme; Environmental Sciences; Miljövetenskap; Oceanography; Hydrology and Water Resources; Oceanografi; hydrologi och vattenresurser; Geochemistry; Geokemi; Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences; Meteorologi och atmosfärforskning; AMAP; Arctic monitoring and assessment program; Phytoplankton; Subarctic
• Online Access: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-155071; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2019.02.007

Halogenated natural products (HNPs) are organic compounds containing bromine, chlorine, iodine, andrarely fluorine. HNPs comprise many classes of compounds, ranging in complexity from halocarbons tohigher molecular weight compounds, which often contain oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms in addition tohalogens. Many HNPs are biosynthesized by marine bacteria, macroalgae, phytoplankton, tunicates,corals, worms, sponges and other invertebrates. This paper reviews HNPs in Arctic, Subarctic and Nordicecosystems and is based on sections of Chapter 2.16 in the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program(AMAP) assessment Chemicals of Emerging Arctic Concern (AMAP, 2017) which deal with the highermolecular weight HNPs. Material is updated and expanded to include more Nordic examples. Much ofthe chapter is devoted to “bromophenolic” HNPs, viz bromophenols (BPs) and transformation productsbromoanisoles (BAs), hydroxylated and methoxylated bromodiphenyl ethers (OH-BDEs, MeO-BDEs) andpolybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs), since these HNPs are most frequently reported. Othersdiscussed are 2,20-dimethoxy-3,30,5,50-tetrabromobiphenyl (2,20-dimethoxy-BB80), polyhalogenated 10-methyl-1,20-bipyrroles (PMBPs), polyhalogenated 1,10-dimethyl-2,20-bipyrroles (PDBPs), polyhalogenatedN-methylpyrroles (PMPs), polyhalogenated N-methylindoles (PMIs), bromoheptyl- and bromooctylpyrroles, (1R,2S,4R,5R,10E)-2-bromo-1-bromomethyl-1,4-dichloro-5-(20-chloroethenyl)-5-methylcyclohexane (mixed halogenated compound MHC-1), polybrominated hexahydroxanthene derivatives(PBHDs) and polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCs). Aspects of HNPs covered are physicochemicalproperties, sources and production, transformation processes, concentrations and trends in the physicalenvironment and biota (marine and freshwater). Toxic properties of some HNPs and a discussion of howclimate change might affect HNPs production and distribution are also included. The review concludeswith a summary of research needs to better understand the role of HNPs as “chemicals of emergingArctic concern”.