Evidence of the impacts of metal mining and the effectiveness of mining mitigation measures on social–ecological systems in Arctic and boreal regions: a systematic map

• Published in: Environmental Evidence
• Main Authors: Haddaway, Neal R, Smith, Adrienne, Taylor, Jessica J., Andrews, Christopher, Cooke, Steven J., Nilsson, Annika E., Lesser, Pamela
• Language: English
• Published: 2022
• Subjects: Resource extraction; Arctic biome; Social impact; Mitigation effectiveness; Extractive industries; Base metal mining; Environmental impact; Arctic
• Online Access: https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6435488; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-022-00282-y; https://environmentalevidencejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13750-022-00282-y#Sec35

BACKGROUND: Mining can directly and indirectly affect social and environmental systems in a range of positive and negative ways, and may result in societal benefits, but may also cause conflicts, not least in relation to land use. Mining always affects the environment, whilst remediation and mitigation efforts may effectively ameliorate some negative environmental impacts. Social and environmental systems in Arctic and boreal regions are particularly sensitive to impacts from development for numerous reasons, not least of which are the reliance of Indigenous peoples on subsistence livelihoods and long recovery times of fragile ecosystems. With growing metal demand, mining in the Arctic is expected to increase, demanding a better understand its social and environmental impacts. We report here the results of a systematic mapping of research evidence of the impacts of metal mining in Arctic and boreal regions. METHODS: We searched multiple bibliographic databases and organisational websites for relevant research using tested search strategies. We also collected evidence from stakeholders and rightsholders identified in the wider 3MK project (Mapping the impacts of Mining using Multiple Knowledges, https://osf.io/cvh3u). We screened articles at three stages (title, abstract, and full text) according to a predetermined set of inclusion criteria, with consistency checks between reviewers at each level. We extracted data relating to causal linkages between actions or impacts and measured outcomes, along with descriptive information about the articles and studies. We have produced an interactive database along with interactive visualisations, and identify knowledge gaps and clusters using heat maps. REVIEW FINDINGS: Searches identified over 32,000 potentially relevant records, which resulted in a total of 585 articles being retained in the systematic map. This corresponded to 902 lines of data on impact or mitigation pathways. The evidence was relatively evenly spread across topics, but there was a bias towards research ...