Global sea-level budget and ocean-mass budget, with a focus on advanced data products and uncertainty characterisation

• Main Authors: Horwath, M, Gutknecht, BD, Cazenave, A, Palanisamy, HK, Marti, F, Marzeion, B, Paul, F, Le Bris, R, Hogg, AE, Otosaka, I, Shepherd, A, Döll, P, Cáceres, D, Müller Schmied, H, Johannessen, JA, Nilsen, JEØ, Raj, RP, Forsberg, R, Sandberg Sørensen, L, Barletta, VR, Simonsen, SB, Knudsen, P, Andersen, OB, Ranndal, H, Rose, SK, Merchant, CJ, Macintosh, CR, von Schuckmann, K, Novotny, K, Groh, A, Restano, M, Benveniste, J
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Copernicus Publications 2022
• Subjects: Antarctic; Greenland; Antarc*; Antarctica; glacier; Ice Sheet
• Online Access: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/184725/; https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/184725/1/essd-14-411-2022.pdf

Studies of the global sea-level budget (SLB) and the global ocean-mass budget (OMB) are essential to assess the reliability of our knowledge of sea-level change and its contributors. Here we present datasets for times series of the SLB and OMB elements developed in the framework of ESA's Climate Change Initiative. We use these datasets to assess the SLB and the OMB simultaneously, utilising a consistent framework of uncertainty characterisation. The time series, given at monthly sampling and available at https://doi.org/10.5285/17c2ce31784048de93996275ee976fff (Horwath et al., 2021), include global mean sea-level (GMSL) anomalies from satellite altimetry, the global mean steric component from Argo drifter data with incorporation of sea surface temperature data, the ocean-mass component from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite gravimetry, the contribution from global glacier mass changes assessed by a global glacier model, the contribution from Greenland Ice Sheet and Antarctic Ice Sheet mass changes assessed by satellite radar altimetry and by GRACE, and the contribution from land water storage anomalies assessed by the global hydrological model WaterGAP (Water Global Assessment and Prognosis). Over the period January 1993–December 2016 (P1, covered by the satellite altimetry records), the mean rate (linear trend) of GMSL is 3.05 ± 0.24 mm yr−1. The steric component is 1.15 ± 0.12 mm yr−1 (38 % of the GMSL trend), and the mass component is 1.75 ± 0.12 mm yr−1 (57 %). The mass component includes 0.64 ± 0.03 mm yr−1 (21 % of the GMSL trend) from glaciers outside Greenland and Antarctica, 0.60 ± 0.04 mm yr−1 (20 %) from Greenland, 0.19 ± 0.04 mm yr−1 (6 %) from Antarctica, and 0.32 ± 0.10 mm yr−1 (10 %) from changes of land water storage. In the period January 2003–August 2016 (P2, covered by GRACE and the Argo drifter system), GMSL rise is higher than in P1 at 3.64 ± 0.26 mm yr−1. This is due to an increase of the mass contributions, now about 2.40 ± 0.13 mm yr−1 (66 % of the GMSL trend), ...