Nasal symptoms increase the risk of snoring and snoring increases the risk of nasal symptoms. A longitudinal population study.

• Published in: Sleep and Breathing
• Main Authors: Värendh, Maria, Janson, Christer, Bengtsson, Caroline, Hellgren, Johan, Holm, Mathias, Schlünssen, Vivi, Johannessen, Ane, Franklin, Karl, Storaas, Torgeir, Jõgi, Rain, Gislason, Thorarinn, Lindberg, Eva
• Other Authors: 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-222 41, Lund, Sweden. [e-mail]. 2Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. 3Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. 4Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. 5Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. 6Department of Public Health, Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. 7The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark. 8Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 9Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 10Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. 11Lung Clinic, Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia. 12Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland. 13Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Springer 2021
• Subjects: Epidemiology; Nasal obstruction; Sleep; Snoring; Hrotur; Nefstífla; Norway; Iceland
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/2336/621681; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-020-02287-8

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Download Purpose: Humans have a preference for nasal breathing during sleep. This 10-year prospective study aimed to determine if nasal symptoms can predict snoring and also if snoring can predict development of nasal symptoms. The hypothesis proposed is that nasal symptoms affect the risk of snoring 10 years later, whereas snoring does not increase the risk of developing nasal symptoms. Methods: In the cohort study, Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE), a random population from Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, born between 1945 and 1973, was investigated by postal questionnaires in 1999-2001 (RHINE II, baseline) and in 2010-2012 (RHINE III, follow-up). The study population consisted of the participants who had answered questions on nasal symptoms such as nasal obstruction, discharge, and sneezing, and also snoring both at baseline and at follow-up (n = 10,112). Results: Nasal symptoms were frequent, reported by 48% of the entire population at baseline, with snoring reported by 24%. Nasal symptoms at baseline increased the risk of snoring at follow-up (adj. OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.22-1.58) after adjusting for age, sex, BMI change between baseline and follow-up, and smoking status. Snoring at baseline was associated with an increased risk of developing nasal symptoms at follow-up (adj. OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.02-1.47). Conclusion: Nasal symptoms are independent risk factors for development of snoring 10 years later, and surprisingly, snoring is a risk factor for the development of nasal symptoms. Keywords: Epidemiology; Nasal obstruction; Sleep; Snoring. Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation Swedish Association Against Asthma and Allergy Swedish Association against Heart and Lung Disease Swedish Research Council Swedish Research Council for Health Working Life & Welfare (Forte) Bror Hjerpstedt Foundation Faculty of Health, Aarhus ...