Effects of a healthy Nordic diet on plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (SYSDIET).

• Published in: European Journal of Nutrition
• Main Authors: Brader, Lea, Rejnmark, Lars, Carlberg, Carsten, Schwab, Ursula, Kolehmainen, Marjukka, Rosqvist, Fredrik, Cloetens, Lieselotte, Landin-Olsson, Mona, Gunnarsdottir, Ingibjorg, Poutanen, Kaisa S, Herzig, Karl-Heinz, Risérus, Ulf, Savolainen, Markku J, Thorsdottir, Inga, Uusitupa, Matti, Hermansen, Kjeld
• Other Authors: Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Internal Med, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Univ Eastern Finland, Inst Biomed, Kuopio, Finland, Univ Eastern Finland, Inst Publ Hlth & Clin Nutr, Kuopio, Finland, Uppsala Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Caring Sci Clin Nutr & Metab, Uppsala, Sweden, Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Lund, Sweden, Univ Iceland, Unit Nutr Res, Landspitali Natl Univ Iceland, Fac Food Sci & Nutr,Sch Hlth Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland, Oulu Univ, Dept Physiol, Inst Biomed, Oulu, Finland, Oulu Univ, Bioctr Oulu, Inst Biomed, Oulu, Finland, Oulu Univ Hosp, Med Res Ctr Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Univ Oulu, Inst Clin Med, Dept Internal Med, Oulu, Finland, Univ Oulu, Inst Clin Med, Bioctr, Oulu, Finland, Oulu Univ Hosp, Clin Res Ctr, Oulu, Finland
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Springer 2014
• Subjects: Mataræði; D vítamín; Næringarskortur; Fiskur; Ávextir; Korn; Grænmeti; Norðurlandabúar; Diet*; Energy Intake*; Iceland; Food Habits*; Fruit; Vegetables; Vitamin D/therapeutic use; Fishes; Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Cereals; Dairy Products; Dietary Supplements*; Humans; Intervention Studies; Life Style; Male; Metabolic Syndrome X/blood*; Metabolic Syndrome X/complications; Middle Aged; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status; Parathyroid Hormone/blood; Plant Oils Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives* Vitamin D/blood Vitamin D Deficiency/blood Vitamin D Deficiency/complications; Questionnaires; Recommended Dietary Allowances/legislation & jurisprudence; Vitamin D/administration & dosage
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/2336/325636; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-014-0674-3

To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink at the bottom of the page At northern latitudes, vitamin D is not synthesized endogenously during winter, causing low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of a healthy Nordic diet based on Nordic nutrition recommendations (NNR) on plasma 25(OH)D and explored its dietary predictors. In a Nordic multi-centre trial, subjects (n = 213) with metabolic syndrome were randomized to a control or a healthy Nordic diet favouring fish (≥300 g/week, including ≥200 g/week fatty fish), whole-grain products, berries, fruits, vegetables, rapeseed oil and low-fat dairy products. Plasma 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone were analysed before and after 18- to 24-week intervention. At baseline, 45 % had vitamin D inadequacy (<50 nmol/l), whereas 8 % had deficiency (<25 nmol/l). Dietary vitamin D intake was increased by the healthy Nordic diet (P < 0.001). The healthy Nordic and the control diet reduced the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy by 42 % (P < 0.001) and 19 % (P = 0.002), respectively, without between-group difference (P = 0.142). Compared with control, plasma 25(OH)D (P = 0.208) and parathyroid hormone (P = 0.207) were not altered by the healthy Nordic diet. Predictors for 25(OH)D were intake of vitamin D, eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA), docosahexaenoic acids (DHA), vitamin D supplement, plasma EPA and plasma DHA. Nevertheless, only vitamin D intake and season predicted the 25(OH)D changes. Consuming a healthy Nordic diet based on NNR increased vitamin D intake but not plasma 25(OH)D concentration. The reason why fish consumption did not improve vitamin D status might be that many fish are farmed and might contain little vitamin D or that frying fish may result in vitamin D extraction. Additional ways to improve vitamin D status in Nordic countries may be needed. NordForsk NCoE in Food Nutrition and Health 070014 SYSDIET Academy of Finland Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation ...