<論説>清朝辺民制度の成立

• Main Author: 松浦, 茂
• Other Authors: Matsuura, Sigeru, マツウラ, シゲル
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: Japanese
• Published: 史学研究会 (京都大学文学部内) 1987
• Subjects: 200; Buttons; Combs; Sakhalin
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/2433/238930; https://doi.org/10.14989/shirin_70_507

個人情報保護のため削除部分あり 清の太祖ヌルハチは、中国東北部を統一する過程で徙民政策を実施し、満洲族のほとんどを都城の周辺に移住させて彼らを八旗に組織した。その後清朝は勢力をアムール川中流から下流へ、さらにはサハリン北部へと拡大したが、この地域に居住した少数民族は、それまで通りに故郷に留まらせて辺民の組織に入れた。このうちアムール川中流域を占めた辺民の一部は、康煕、雍正年間に東北の各地に駐防佐領として移ることになり、乾隆以降はアムール下流とサハリンの辺民二千三百九十八戸だけが残った。清朝は辺民を姓長、郷長、子弟、白丁などの階層に分けた。彼らは清に対して、毎年各戸一枚ずつの貂皮を進貢する義務を課せられたが、その見返りに布地、櫛、針、木綿糸、ボタンなどを給付されている。本稿では、清朝の辺民制度がどのようにして形成されたのか、特に辺民組織の変遷を中心にして論じることにする。 When Nurhaci, Taizu 太祖 of the Qing Dynasty, unified Manchuria, he excuted a policy of population resettlement. He shifted a great number of the Manchu people to the environs of the capital, and organized them into the eight banners. His successors extended their domain to the middle and lower courses of the Amur River and the north of Sakhalin Island, but they allowed most of the minorities to reside in their native places as before, and established the frontier people system. In the Kanxi 康煕 and Yongzheng 雍正 periods the frontier people who lived in the middle course of the Amur River were sent to the towns in Manchuria into the banner garrison leaving none of the frontier people remaining except 2, 398 families along the lower Amur and on Sakhalin Island since the Qianlong 乾隆 period. The frontier people consisted of such classes as the clan leaders 姓長, the village leaders 郷長, the sons 子弟, and the common people 白丁. They were obliged to pay an annual tribute of a sable skin per family to the Qing Dynasty, but they received adequate rewards of cloth, combs, needles, cotton, buttons, and so on for their services. In this paper the author deals with the problems of the origin of the frontier people system.