| Summary: | Стаття присвячена малодослідженому політичною наукою різновиду квазідержав – віртуальним державам, також відомим у західній політології, як мікронації. Розглядається ґенеза вищеназваних понять і відмінність між ними та іншими термінами – “квазідержава” та “невизнана держава”. Розкриваються причини появи цих утворень, їхні різновиди, функції та описуються особливості їхнього створення, зокрема в Інтернеті. Virtual state / micronation is a person or group of people who are simulating the activities of government institutions and implementation of state functions with a private purpose, mostly in non-violent ways. The term “virtual state” is well-known in the post-Soviet space, while “micronation” is used by English-speaking authors. In this work, they are used in tandem. The terms “virtual state” and “micronation” are employed in political science from the 1970s. They were used by researchers in the fields of informational society, globalization, war and peace, management and other disciplines. All of them agree that virtual states/micronations are the phenomenon of XX-XXI centuries connected with modern technologies, especially the Internet. Also these researchers admit that such projects do not possess a large territory and are weak compared with real states at least for now. The most well-known existing virtual states/micronations are: Sealand (located in the sea not far from the UK), Christiania (Denmark), Seborga (Italy), Užupis (Lithuania). In total, there are hundreds of these entities. The most fertile soil for their emergence are the open sea, private ownership, transborder territories, secluded lands or buildings, the Antarctic etc. However, the vast majority of them are located exclusively in the Internet. Main functions of virtual states/micronations are: 1) representation and expression of citizens‘ interests; 2) receiving income through a form of business and/or tax evasion (offshore); 3) chanelling public discontent; 4) development of the area or space; 5) increasing the tourist attractiveness of the territory. These roles are usually performed by other political actors like NGOs, political parties and debating clubs. But every person can express his/her political views through establishing “own country”. Technical development and free access to the Internet makes this process easier, hence the number of virtual states/micronations will increase. Статья посвящена малоизученной политической наукой разновидности квазигосударств – виртуальным государствам, также известным в западной политологии, как микронации. Рассматривается происхождение вышеупомянутых понятий, отличие между ними и другими терминами – “квазигосударство” и “непризнанное государство”. Рассматриваются причины возникновения этих образований, их разновидности, функции и описываются наиболее удобные ареалы для их создания, в частности Интернет.
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