Ocean Solutions to Address Climate Change and Its Effects on Marine Ecosystems

• Published in: Frontiers in Marine Science
• Main Authors: Gattuso, Jean-Pierre, Magnan, Alexandre K., Bopp, Laurent, Cheung, William W. L., Duarte, Carlos M., Hinkel, Jochen, Mcleod, Elizabeth, Micheli, Fiorenza, Oschlies, Andreas, Williamson, Phillip, Billé, Raphaël, Chalastani, Vasiliki I., Gates, Ruth D., Irisson, Jean-Olivier, Middelburg, Jack J., Pörtner, Hans-Otto, Rau, Greg H.
• Other Authors: Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, Marine Science Program, Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Monegasque Association on Ocean Acidification, Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, , Monaco, Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po, Paris, , France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-Mer, , , France, UMR LIENSs 7266, Université de La Rochelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, La Rochelle, , , France, Département de Géosciences, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, , France, CNRS/ENS/UPMC/école Polytechnique, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Paris, , , , , , , France, Nippon Foundation - UBC Nereus Program and Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, , Canada, Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, , Denmark, Division of Resource Economics, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute, Berlin Workshop in Institutional Analysis of Social-Ecological Systems (WINS), Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, , Germany, Adaptation and Social Learning, Global Climate Forum e.V., Berlin, , Germany, The Nature Conservancy, Austin, TX, , United States, Center for Ocean Solutions, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, , United States, GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, , Germany, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, , United Kingdom, Natural Environment Research Council, Swindon, , United Kingdom, The Pacific Community (SPC), Noumea, New Caledonia, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Mânoa, Honolulu, HI, , , United States, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, , Netherlands, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, , Germany, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, , United States
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: Frontiers Media SA 2018
• Subjects: Climate change; Global; Governance; Local; Ocean acidification; Ocean solutions
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10754/629968; https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00337

The Paris Agreement target of limiting global surface warming to 1.5-2°C compared to pre-industrial levels by 2100 will still heavily impact the ocean. While ambitious mitigation and adaptation are both needed, the ocean provides major opportunities for action to reduce climate change globally and its impacts on vital ecosystems and ecosystem services. A comprehensive and systematic assessment of 13 global- and local-scale, ocean-based measures was performed to help steer the development and implementation of technologies and actions toward a sustainable outcome. We show that (1) all measures have tradeoffs and multiple criteria must be used for a comprehensive assessment of their potential, (2) greatest benefit is derived by combining global and local solutions, some of which could be implemented or scaled-up immediately, (3) some measures are too uncertain to be recommended yet, (4) political consistency must be achieved through effective cross-scale governance mechanisms, (5) scientific effort must focus on effectiveness, co-benefits, disbenefits, and costs of poorly tested as well as new and emerging measures. We thank M. Khamla (CNRS) and S. Ghani (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology) for help with artwork. This is a product of "The Oceans Solutions Initiative", an expert group supported by the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, the Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Veolia Foundation, and the French Facility for Global Environment. AKM thanks the French Government for its support under the "Investissements d'avenir" programme, managed by the French National Research Agency (ANR-10-LABX-14-01). RB was supported by the RESCCUE project funded by the French Development Agency and the French Global Environment Facility (AFD CZZ 2205 01 W and FFEM CZZ 1667 01 H). WWLC acknowledges funding support from the Nippon Foundation-UBC Nereus Program. CMD participation was partly supported by King Abdullah University of Science and ...