АРКТИЧНА ПОЛІТИКА СПОЛУЧЕНИХ ШТАТІВ АМЕРИКИ ЗА ПРЕЗИДЕНТСТВА ДОНАЛЬДА ТРАМПА

• Published in: Філософія та політологія в контексті сучасної культури
• Main Author: Podvorna, Olena
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: Ukrainian
• Published: Oles Honchar Dnipro National University 2020
• Subjects: Arctic; Breaker
• Online Access: https://fip.dp.ua/index.php/FIP/article/view/1043; https://doi.org/10.15421/352041

Розглядаються теоретичні основи арктичної політики Сполучених Штатів Америки у період президентської каденції Дональда Трампа. Проведений комплексний порівняльний аналіз трьох ключових документів, які закладають основи цієї політики: Арктичної стратегії Міністерства оборони, Арктичної стратегічної перспективи Берегової охорони та Стратегічної перспективи для Арктики ВМС США. Досліджується взаємозв’язок арктичної політики з політикою забезпечення національної безпеки та національної оборони Сполучених Штатів Америки. Вказуються головні складові політики США в регіоні Арктики на найближчу перспективу. Actuality of the studied issue is conditioned by the rapid climate changes which make the Arctic much more accessible from year to year and attract new actors into the region. The Arctic is constantly becoming more visible on the agenda of the modern international relations. However, nearly for the whole postbipolar period the Arctic was widely ignored by the U.S. officials. As a result, Washington has kept low profile in the region till recently, staying away from management of the region. The situation has dramatically changed when Donald Trump has entered into the office. Having started reshaping the whole national security and foreign policy discourse, he has also begun updating U.S. policy towards the Arctic. So, the study presents thorough analysis of the Arctic policy of the United States during first presidential administration of Donald Trump. Three key U.S. official documents serve as foundations for the renewed Arctic policy, but what is thrilling all of them have been produced by the agencies responsible for ensuring national security and defense: Department of Defense, Coast Guard and Navy. As study shows, their main provisions reproduce crucial message on the National Defense Strategy, describing the Arctic as the new potential conflict area in the international arena. Such approach to the region reflects major trends in current domestic and foreign policy of the U.S., namely: restoring strong national power with the emphasis on military compound, and ignoring/neglecting multilateral cooperation with the emphasis on non-military issues. Thus, instead of creation of the Arctic policy on the solid research background and international experience, the U.S. officials try to implement it into security discourse, being narrowly understood. As study underlines, new U.S. Arctic policy tries to position Washington as a leader who protects the region from two main strategic competitors, Russia and China. Thus, the analysis of the official documents confirms that elaborated Arctic policy is strongly subordinated to the national defense discourse and American national security interests, and therefore appeals for upgrading and strengthening of military capabilities and facilities of the respected U.S. federal agencies. As study discovers, special attention is drawn upon the necessity of construction of modern and capable ice-breaker fleet. The analysis of the documents also reveals that they have been designed in quite aggressive and provocative manner, abound in vociferous statements, but lack precise understanding of the region and processes occurring there for the last thirty years. Respectively, documents do not present comprehensive, complex and strategic vision of the Arctic; rather they should be viewed like a part of national security and defense strategy discourse of the United States of America. Nevertheless, such documents, though poorly worked-out, present a step ahead in American official thinking about the Arctic. Taking into account continuous transformation of the region, the new U.S. president will have to keep elaboration of the Arctic policy, taking into consideration the prepared documents. В статье рассматриваются теоретические основы арктической политики Соединенных Штатов Америки в период президентского правления Дональда Трампа. Проведен комплексный сравнительный анализ трех ключевых документов, которые закладывают основы этой политики: Арктической стратегии Министерства обороны, Арктической стратегической перспективы Береговой охраны и Стратегической перспективы для Арктики ВМС США. Исследуется взаимосвязь арктической политики с политикой обеспечения национальной безопасности и национальной обороны Соединенных Штатов Америки. Указываются главные составляющие политики США в регионе Арктики на ближайшую перспективу.