INFLUENZA PANDEMICS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIVE VACCINES FOR THEIR CONTROL

A short historical overview on the epidemiological aspects of influenza worldwide is given, the main biological characteristics of flu viruses most important for developing flu vaccine are outlined, and a more detailed discussion of human infection and death caused by avian flu viruses [A(Н5N1), A(H...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Биосфера
Main Authors: Дорошенко, Е.М., Григорьева, Е.П., Исакова-Сивак, И.Н., Руденко, Л.Г.
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:Russian
Published: Фонд научных исследований "XXI век"/ XXI Сentury Research Foundation 2016
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Online Access:http://21bs.ru/index.php/bio/article/view/260
https://doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v8i3.260
Description
Summary:A short historical overview on the epidemiological aspects of influenza worldwide is given, the main biological characteristics of flu viruses most important for developing flu vaccine are outlined, and a more detailed discussion of human infection and death caused by avian flu viruses [A(Н5N1), A(H5N6), A(H7N3), A(H7N7), A(H7N9)] are discussed as a background for reviewing measures against possible flu pandemics, including international collaboration in this field. In Russia, the provision of its population with vaccines against potentially hazardous avian flu viruses and the strains A(H1N1)pdm и A(H2N2) is rated as a strategic priority. A collection of potentially pandemic flu viruses is established at Research Institute of Experimental Medicine (Saint Petersburg), and vaccines based on it are currently passing preclinical and clinical trials. Preclinical trials have proved that the vaccine preparations are safe, immunogenic and protective. In Phase I trials on adult human volunteers, the vaccines proved to produce no adverse effects, including the transmission of viruses from vaccinated to control subjects. Because of their ability to evoke cross-reactive immune responses, the vaccines may be used as first-line measures against newly emerged pandemics even if the pandemic strains have unique antigenic features. Дан краткий исторический обзор эпидемиологической ситуации по гриппу в мире и приведены основные данные о биологии вируса гриппа, важные для разработки вакцины. Подробно рассмотрены случаи заболевания и гибели от различных подтипов вируса гриппа птиц [A(Н5N1), A(H5N6), A(H7N3), A(H7N7), A(H7N9)] среди людей, стимулировавшие проведение мониторинга, разработку национальных планов подготовки к возможному возникновению пандемий и активное международное сотрудничество в подготовке вакцин для профилактики гриппа. Обеспечение населения России живыми гриппозными вакцинами против потенциально опасных вирусов гриппа птиц, а также штаммов A(H1N1)pdm и A(H2N2) имеет важное стратегическое значение. В отделе ...