Upper Paleolithic of the Yenisey: New Discoveries, Old Debates

• Published in: Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia
• Main Author: S. A. Vasiliev
• Other Authors: The study was carried out under the program of fundamental scientifi c research of the state academies of sciences on the topic “The Most Ancient Inhabitants of the North of Eurasia: Human Settlement in the Stone Age, Production Technologies” (FMZF-2022-0012). The author expresses his gratitude to Z.A. Abramova, E.V. Akimova, S.N. Astakhov, A.S. Vdovin, N.I. Drozdov, V.S. Zubkov, L.V. Lbova, N.F. Lisitsyn, N.P. Makarov, M.N. Meshcherin, I.V. Stasyuk, E.A. Tomilova, and V.M. Kharevich for kindly providing the access to partially unpublished materials.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: IAET SB RAS 2023
• Subjects: Kokorevo culture; Abakan; Upper Paleolithic; Afontova Gora; Afontova culture; Gora; Yenisey
• Online Access: https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/1630; https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.1.033-041

This paper integrates the results of studies relating to the Upper Paleolithic of the Yenisey, collating traditional ideas with fi ndings made in the latest decades. Excavations on the Upper and Middle Yenisey are being carried out by several research teams. Sites representing the hitherto little known Early Upper Paleolithic (Yasnoye I, Afontova Gora II-Sklon) have been discovered, but so far the fi ndings do not suffi ce for their cultural attribution. The key site for that period in the region remains Malaya Syia, for which a series of new dates ranging between 34–29 ka has been generated. Traditions revealed there continued at a later site, Sabanikha. The Middle Upper Paleolithic is characterized by the prevalence of various blade industries, which in most cases cannot be separated into clear-cut groups resembling archaeological cultures. Certain industries are archaic, with Mousterian-like lithic assemblages and elaborate bone and tusk processing (Kurtak IV). During the later phase of the Pleistocene, along with cultures such as the Afontova and Kokorevo, blade industries survived, continuing traditions of the preceding stage (Golubaya I, Maltat, Konzhul). A peculiar variant of the Upper Paleolithic has been identifi ed, combining features of both cultures and a series of foliated bifaces (Kuibyshevo II). Discussions are ongoing around the effect of various factors on the cultural differentiation, including the relationship between the Afontova and Kokorevo cultures.