Microphysics of icy seasonal processes on Mars and Pluto : hyperspectral imaging monitoring and experimental study.
The condensation/sublimation cycle of CO2 controls the martian climate and, in winter, forms frozen seasonal deposits, contaminated with water ice and dust. This thesis’ objective is to unders- tand, characterize, and if possible, to quantify the different microphysical processes occuring in the sea...
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Other Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
Language: | French |
Published: |
HAL CCSD
2016
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://theses.hal.science/tel-01560378 https://theses.hal.science/tel-01560378/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-01560378/file/PHILIPPE_2016_diffusion.pdf |
Summary: | The condensation/sublimation cycle of CO2 controls the martian climate and, in winter, forms frozen seasonal deposits, contaminated with water ice and dust. This thesis’ objective is to unders- tand, characterize, and if possible, to quantify the different microphysical processes occuring in the seasonal deposits during this condensation/sublimation cycle, with the insight of experimental simulation of these processes inside the CarboN-IR experimental cell. The CO2 ice condensation in a polycristalline form on a mineral regolith, the modification of the CO2 ice condensation regime in the martian polar night due to the presence of non condensable gases, the stratification of water ice onto CO2 ice during the sublimation of the seasonal deposits and the increase of the albedo of CO2 slab ice during its springtime sublimation are all phenomena that have been reproduced successfully inside the experiemental cell. The CO2 slab ice condensation on the Martian surface has been observed during its formation, in autumn, at lower latitudes than polar night limit with hyperspectral imaging from the OMEGA spectrometer onboard of the Mars Express probe. Yet the farthest object explored in the solar system, Pluto, shares many similarities with Mars, parti- cularly a partial icy cover of its surface (of CH4, N2 and CO ices for Pluto) in equilibrium with its atmosphere. The evolution of these ices can be considered similar in terms of the surface pro- cesses affecting them : stratification of ices in function of their volatility during their sublimation or condensation at the surface, formation of slab ice . The hyperspectral imagery data (LEISA), provided by the New Horizons probe during its Pluto’s flyby in july 2015, allowed to determine the accurate cartography of chemical species at the surface, along with their physical state - the preliminary steps of any geological interpretation. Le cycle de condensation/sublimation du CO2 contrôle le climat martien et forme en hiver des dépôts saisonniers glacés, contaminés en ... |
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