Study of the invasive process of Crassostrea gigas in Brittany : Spatial inventory, dynamics and ecological consequences

The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, was introduced in France at the end of the sixties to replace the Portuguese oyster, Crassostrea angulata, decimated by disease. But only since the nineties that wild populations established on Brittany's shores. The first part of this study shows all Brit...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Lejart, Morgane
Other Authors: Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, Christian Hily(christian.hily@univ-brest.fr)
Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
Language:French
Published: HAL CCSD 2009
Subjects:
GIS
SIG
Online Access:https://theses.hal.science/tel-00444262
https://theses.hal.science/tel-00444262/document
https://theses.hal.science/tel-00444262/file/these_Morgane_Lejart.pdf
Description
Summary:The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, was introduced in France at the end of the sixties to replace the Portuguese oyster, Crassostrea angulata, decimated by disease. But only since the nineties that wild populations established on Brittany's shores. The first part of this study shows all Brittany coasts now to be colonized by C. gigas. Stocks of wild oysters are estimated at 10 000 and 6 420 tons in the Bay of Brest, and the Morbihan Bay, respectively. The second part of this study concerns factors determining C. gigas invasive process dynamics. The responsibility of climate change in the establishment of C. gigas in Brittany is confirmed. Results also highlight that C. gigas does not recruit in the subtidal zone, which refutes accusations of European oyster, Ostrea edulis, exclusion. Finally, monitoring of the summer 2008 massive mortalities reveals that wild populations were little impacted. Analysis of ecological consequences of C. gigas invasion on Brittany shores is done in the last part of this study. Impacts on communities become marked when colonization intensifies with the creation of oyster reefs, which increase macrofaunal abundance and diversity. Studies on respiration and calcification processes show that total annual carbon production of rocky intertidal communities is increased twenty fold, reaching 761,77 g C m-2 year-1 when high density populations of C.gigas establish (nearly 700 ind. m-2). L'huître creuse du Pacifique, Crassostrea gigas a été introduite en France à la fin des années 60 pour remplacer l'huître portugaise, Crassostrea angulata, décimée par des maladies. Ce n'est cependant qu'à partir des années 90 que des populations sauvages se sont établies sur les estrans bretons. La première partie de cette étude a permis de montrer, qu'à l'exception de la zone nord-Finistère et des baies de Douarnenez et Audierne, l'ensemble des côtes bretonnes est actuellement colonisé par C. gigas. Des stocks de 10 000 et 6 420 tonnes ont été recensés en Rade de Brest et dans le Golfe du Morbihan. La ...