Atmospheric and Surface Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms Determining Arctic Amplification

• Main Authors: Wendisch, M., Brückner, M., Crewell, S., Ehrlich, A., Notholt, J., Lüpkes, C., Macke, A., Burrows, J. P., Rinke, A., Quaas, J., Maturilli, M., Schemann, V., Shupe, M. D., Akansu, E. F., Barrientos-Velasco, C., Bärfuss, K., Blechschmidt, A.-M., Block, K., Bougoudis, I., Bozem, H., Böckmann, C., Bracher, A., Bresson, H., Bretschneider, L., Buschmann, M., Chechin, D. G., Chylik, J., Dahlke, S., Deneke, H., Dethloff, K., Donth, T., Dorn, W., Dupuy, R., Ebell, K., Egerer, U., Engelmann, R., Eppers, O., Gerdes, R., Gierens, R., Gorodetskaya, I. V., Gottschalk, M., Griesche, H., Gryanik, V. M., Handorf, D., Harm-Altstädter, B., Hartmann, J., Hartmann, M., Heinold, B., Herber, A., Herrmann, H., Heygster, G., Höschel, I., Hofmann, Z., Hölemann, J., Hünerbein, A., Jafariserajehlou, S., Jäkel, E., Jacobi, C., Janout, M., Jansen, F., Jourdan, O., Jurányi, Z., Kalesse-Los, H., Kanzow, T., Käthner, R., Kliesch, L. L., Klingebiel, M., Knudsen, E. M., Kovács, T., Körtke, W., Krampe, D., Kretzschmar, J., Kreyling, D., Kulla, B., Kunkel, D., Lampert, A., Lauer, M., Lelli, L., Lerber, A. Von, Linke, O., Löhnert, U., Lonardi, M., Losa, S. N., Losch, M., Maahn, M., Mech, M., Mei, L., Mertes, S., Metzner, E., Mewes, D., Michaelis, J., Mioche, G., Moser, M., Nakoudi, K., Neggers, R., Neuber, R., Nomokonova, T., Oelker, J., Papakonstantinou-Presvelou, I., Pätzold, F., Pefanis, V., Pohl, C., Pinxteren, M. Van, Radovan, A., Rhein, M., Rex, M., Richter, A., Risse, N., Ritter, C., Rostosky, P., Rozanov, V. V., Donoso, E. Ruiz, Garfias, P. Saavedra, Salzmann, M., Schacht, J., Schäfer, M., Schneider, J., Schnierstein, N., Seifert, P., Seo, S., Siebert, H., Soppa, M. A., Spreen, G., Stachlewska, I. S., Stapf, J., Stratmann, F., Tegen, I., Viceto, C., Voigt, C., Vountas, M., Walbröl, A., Walter, M., Wehner, B., Wex, H., Willmes, S., Zanatta, M., Zeppenfeld, S.
• Other Authors: Leipziger Institut für Meteorologie (LIM), Leipzig University / Universität Leipzig, Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie Köln (IGN), Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Institute of Environmental Physics Bremen (IUP), University of Bremen, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung = Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research = Institut Alfred-Wegener pour la recherche polaire et marine (AWI), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung (TROPOS), College of Global Change and Earth System Science (GCESS), Beijing Normal University (BNU), University of Colorado Boulder, Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig Braunschweig, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Mainz (IPA), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Alfred Wegener Institute Potsdam, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institut für Umweltphysik Bremen (IUP), Universität Bremen, A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow (RAS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Zentrum für Marine Umweltwissenschaften Bremen (MARUM), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology (SIO), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling (DLR), Abteilung für Partikelchemie Mainz, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faculty of Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics (University of Warsaw), Universität Trier
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2023
• Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]; Arctic; Svalbard; North Pole; albedo; Fram Strait; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://uca.hal.science/hal-04672881; https://uca.hal.science/hal-04672881/document; https://uca.hal.science/hal-04672881/file/bams-BAMS-D-21-0218.1.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-21-0218.2

International audience Mechanisms behind the phenomenon of Arctic amplification are widely discussed. To contribute to this debate, the (AC)3 project was established in 2016 (www.ac3-tr.de/). It comprises modeling and data analysis efforts as well as observational elements. The project has assembled a wealth of ground-based, airborne, shipborne, and satellite data of physical, chemical, and meteorological properties of the Arctic atmosphere, cryosphere, and upper ocean that are available for the Arctic climate research community. Short-term changes and indications of long-term trends in Arctic climate parameters have been detected using existing and new data. For example, a distinct atmospheric moistening, an increase of regional storm activities, an amplified winter warming in the Svalbard and North Pole regions, and a decrease of sea ice thickness in the Fram Strait and of snow depth on sea ice have been identified. A positive trend of tropospheric bromine monoxide (BrO) column densities during polar spring was verified. Local marine/biogenic sources for cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles were found. Atmospheric–ocean and radiative transfer models were advanced by applying new parameterizations of surface albedo, cloud droplet activation, convective plumes and related processes over leads, and turbulent transfer coefficients for stable surface layers. Four modes of the surface radiative energy budget were explored and reproduced by simulations. To advance the future synthesis of the results, cross-cutting activities are being developed aiming to answer key questions in four focus areas: lapse rate feedback, surface processes, Arctic mixed-phase clouds, and airmass transport and transformation.