Eastern North Atlantic Mode Waters during POMME (September 2000-2001)

• Published in: Journal of Geophysical Research
• Main Authors: Reverdin, Gilles, Assenbaum, Michel, Prieur, Louis
• Other Authors: Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2005
• Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]; [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]; North Atlantic; Northeast Atlantic
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-00124826; https://hal.science/hal-00124826/document; https://hal.science/hal-00124826/file/2004JC002613-1.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002613

Four hydrographic surveys in the northeast Atlantic (38°-45°N, 15°-21°W) carried out during the Programme Océan Multidisciplinaire Méso Echelle (POMME) experiment (September 2000-2001) are used to investigate the water masses in the upper layers corresponding to Eastern North Atlantic Mode Waters. A large meridional gradient in isopycnal temperature/salinity is witnessed which has no counterpart in climatology and is associated with an anomalous eastward current near 41°N. Waters tend to be warmer/more salty, somewhat more stratified, and less oxygenated on isopycnal surfaces in the southern part of the domain. In addition, there is an overlying zonal gradient of properties, in particular, north of the jet, consistent with earlier descriptions. However, these large-scale distributions also change significantly through the POMME year, in particular, between the February and early April surveys, which we attribute to (1) the arrival of a 2001 vintage of mode waters, in particular, in the northeastern part of the domain and to (2) stirring by the mesoscale motions, which contribute to down-gradient transport (equivalent diffusion coefficient of 2000 m 2 /s for s = 27.10). On a smaller scale, there are noticeable changes in properties between surveys, some of which can be shown by quasi-Lagrangian diagnostics to result from advection by the horizontal circulation. In particular, in the southwest corner of the domain between the surveys P1 (February 2001) and P2 (April 2001), horizontal isopycnal advection is responsible for a large cooling (freshening) and oxygen increase, or in the northeast corner, where new oxygenated and freshly ventilated water (in particular for surface s Q = 27.05 kg/m 3) penetrates during that period. In other regions, or for a longer period, water masses are often difficult to track as a result of dispersion or stirring by the eddies and too small of a POMME domain.