Aerosol Transport and Distribution:A Global Modeling Study Constrained by Remote Sensing Observations
The fourth report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) unambiguously indicates that the climate is changing. Climate change is induced by changes in atmospheric abundances of greenhouse gases and aerosols, solar radiation and land surface properties, which all alter the radiative...
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| Format: | Text |
| Language: | English |
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Lausanne, EPFL
2012
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| Online Access: | http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/175497 https://doi.org/10.5075/epfl-thesis-5355 https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/175497/files/EPFL_TH5355.pdf |
| Summary: | The fourth report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) unambiguously indicates that the climate is changing. Climate change is induced by changes in atmospheric abundances of greenhouse gases and aerosols, solar radiation and land surface properties, which all alter the radiative balance of the Earth. Among them, greenhouse gases and aerosols are likely the compounds affecting the climate the most. While greenhouse gases warm the Earth, aerosols influence its radiative balance by scattering and absorbing solar radiation (the direct effect), and by modifying cloud amount and properties (the indirect effect). The radiative forcing of aerosols on the climate is however the less understood among the various forcings currently considered in the IPCC assessment. This is likely related to the lack of comprehensive and accurate observations of aerosols (and in particular of their vertical distribution) which thus makes global aerosol models difficult to constrain. Recent model intercomparisons have indicated that different assumptions regarding aerosol emissions, formation and growing properties, and removal processes generate large diversities within models. These large diversities are found in particular in the Arctic and the upper troposphere region where extreme surrounding conditions take place, limiting instrument sensitivity and accuracy. The objectives of this thesis are to better quantify the processes driving the aerosol distribution in regions where the uncertainties are the largest, including the Arctic region and the upper troposphere, and to assess the quality of CALIOP observations. For this purpose, we used the fully coupled global climate-aerosol-chemistry ECHAM5-HAMMOZ model conjointly with a suite of remote sensing observations including the CALIOP satellite instrument, which provides the vertical distribution of aerosols. The model predicts the size distribution and composition of aerosols as well as the number concentration of cloud droplets and ice crystals. We first investigated ... |
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