| Summary: | PHD in applied ecology, 2016 Understanding how spatial and temporal variations shape populations is necessary to develop trustworthy conservation and management planning. In this thesis, I used individual-based long-term monitoring data of the grey wolf (Canis lupus) collected in Scandinavia during its recolonization phase since the early 1990’s. My main goal was to identify how habitat could affect the demography of this social carnivore species living in packs. Packs are generally composed of a territorial breeding pair and their offspring. Because the pair plays an important role in the pack, they are generally considered as the functional unit of wolf populations. I therefore focused my analyses on the territorial pair. My results suggest that wolf pairs generally avoided habitat characterized by humans when establishing a territory. Wolf pair bond duration was short (on average 3 consecutive winters), and dissolutions were mostly caused by humans. Furthermore, I showed that the effect of wolf culling (i.e. legal harvest) on population growth was complex. Culling interacted with the intrinsic characteristics of the species and other causes of mortality making any predictions of the effect of culling rather challenging. However, I found that temporal pair bond stability was a better predictor of growth rate than individual culling mortality. Additionally, I found that interspecific competition with brown bears (Ursus arctos) could have contributed to shape spatial patterns of wolf recolonization. The spatio-temporal avoidance of bears by wolves could occur at several scales, from decisions on territory establishment to the habitat selected by wolves within their home ranges. My results showed how data from long-term monitoring programs can be used to provide key information linking demography with habitat in a social large carnivore. In this thesis, I also highlighted the importance of a functional unit (i.e. the wolf pair for wolves) for the population dynamics of a socially-living species. I therefore ...
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