O glagolima koji vežu obvezatne adverbijalne dopune u bosanskome jeziku

• Main Author: Palić, Ismail; Filozofski fakultet, Sarajevo; [e-mail]
• Format: Text
• Language: Croatian
• Published: Crotian Philological Society 2011
• Subjects: adverbijalne dopune; gramatičnost rečenice; bosanski jezik; adverbial complements; sentence grammaticality; Bosnian language; sami
• Online Access: http://hrcak.srce.hr/74647; http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/110831

U prilogu se raspravlja o glagolima čije sintaktičko okruženje uključuje obvezatnu adverbijalnu dopunu. Najprije se razmatraju sami pojmovi dopuna i adverbijal te složeni pojam adverbijalna dopuna, a nakon toga pozornost se usmjerava na određenje glagolskih konstrukcija s obvezatnim adverbijalnim dopunama i njihovo razlučivanje od srodnih konstrukcija. U nastavku slijedi popis više desetina glagola koji vežu obvezatne adverbijalne dopune te njihova semantička tipologizacija. Osim pitanja najizravnije uključenih naslovom, prilog se, zbog potrebe prihvaćanja odgovarajućeg pristupa, dotiče i drugih, općenitijih pitanja povezanih prije svega s gramatičkim ustrojstvom rečenice. Obligatory adverbials as a phenomenon are not well described in grammars of the Bosnian language. The main reason is the fact that adverbials are usually considered as adjuncts, i.e. free elements of the sentence, and so the term ’obligatory adverbial’ sounds contradictory. However, if the grammatical sentence structure gets divided into three basic elements: the predicate (the main sentence member), complements (the sentence members included by some subclasses of the word classes, necessary for the sentence’s grammaticality) and adjuncts (the omissible sentence members which can be included by the whole word classes, unnecessary for the sentence’s grammaticality), then an appropriate theoretical framework for the obligatory adverbials can be obtained. There are undoubtedly syntactic constructions consisting of governing verbs and obligatory adverbials in Bosnian. According to my present knowledge, these constructions are formed with around a hundred verbs which are in general characterized by semantic incompleteness that shows up in the impossibility of using them without the appropriate adverbials. The obligatory adverbial must be used together with its governing verb in the same sentence. It can not be used in another sentence nor it can be implied in the context. That is the main difference between obligatory (non–omissible) adverbials and free (omissible) adverbials. It is only important for the obligatory adverbials that they convey the meaning implied by the governing verb. The category and the form of the syntactic unit which is being used in that function are not important at all. That is because these types of adverbials are included in the verbal construction by weak government. There are obligatory adverbials meaning place, manner (modus), quantity, cause, time and purpose (aim). The most numerous are those meaning place and manner. The semantic fields which the verbs governing obligatory adverbials with these two meanings belong to are very diverse. The verbs with the other semantic types of obligatory adverbials are semantically uniform.