UTJECAJ ČOVJEKA NA MAKROZOOBENTOS I IHTIOFAUNU NA DONJIM TOKOVIMA RIJEKA MORAVE I DYJE (SLIV RIJEKE DUNAVA U ČEŠKOJ)

• Main Authors: Adámek, Zdeněk; Department of Fish Ecology, Institute of Vertebrate Biology AS CR, p.r.i., Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic; [e-mail], Zahrádková, Světlana; T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute, p.r.i., Mojmírovo nám. 16, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic, Jurajda, Pavel; Department of Fish Ecology, Institute of Vertebrate Biology AS CR, p.r.i., Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic, Bernardová, Ilja; T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute, p.r.i., Mojmírovo nám. 16, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic, Jurajdová, Zdenka; Department of Fish Ecology, Institute of Vertebrate Biology AS CR, p.r.i., Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic, Janáč, Michal; Department of Fish Ecology, Institute of Vertebrate Biology AS CR, p.r.i., Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic, Němejcová, Denisa; T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute, p.r.i., Mojmírovo nám. 16, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb 2013
• Subjects: zajedničko ispitivanje sastava rijeke Dunava; riba; raznolikost; zagađenje rijeke; riječni propisi; makrozoobentos; macrozoobenthos; fish; diversity; river pollution; river regulation; joint Danube survey; Burbot; Lota lota; lota
• Online Access: http://hrcak.srce.hr/108849; http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/160392

Donja Morava i rijeka Dyje pripadaju velikim nizinskim rijekama na jugoistoku Češke Republike te se 69 km nizvodno od svog ušća ulijevaju u rijeku Dunav. Unatoč njihovoj značajnoj prirodnoj vrijednosti i zaštiti okoliša, obje rijeke pretrpjele su teško zagađenje od 60-ih do 80-ih godina prošlog stoljeća. Značajan napredak kvalitete njihove vode u posljednja dva desetljeća rezultirao je djelomičnim oporavkom makrozoobentosa i ihtiofaune. Nedavno je zabilježeno ukupno 262 taksona makrozoobentosa u rijeci Dyje te 137 taksona u rijeci Moravi. U rijeci Dyje pronađene su 3 nove i 21 ugrožena vrsta beskralježnjaka (prema IUCN kategorijama), a u rijeci Moravi pronađene su 2 nove i 10 ugroženih vrsta. Rijeka Dyje ima 23, a rijeka Morava 24 vrste te se tom broju pridodaje po jedna hibridna vrsta u objema rijekama, dok je obična uklija najzastupljenija riba. U dijelu istraživanja također je zabilježeno nekoliko rijetkih i/ili zaštićenih vrsta. Dvije vrste, jez (Leuciscus idus) i manjić (Lota lota) spadaju u ugrožene vrste riba, a ostale četiri, crnooka deverika (Abramis sapa), prugasti balavac (Gymnocephalus schraetser), mali vretenac (Zingel streber) i veliki vretenac (Zingel zingel) smatraju se kritično ugroženim vrstama. Donjim tokovima rijeka Morave i Dyje trenutno prijeti invazija okrugle glavuče, Neogobius melanostomus. The lower Morava and Dyje rivers belong among the large lowland rivers on the southeast of the Czech Republic flowing into the Danube 69 km downstream of their confluence. Despite their high nature value and environment protection, both rivers suffered from heavy pollution from the sixties to the eighties of the last century. Significant improvement of their water quality during the last two decades resulted in the partial recovery of former assemblages of both benthic macroinvertebrates and fish. Recently, altogether 262 and 137 taxa of macrozoobenthos were recorded at the Dyje and Morava rivers, respectively. In the River Dyje, 3 and 21 non-native and threatened (according to IUCN categories) invertebrate species, respectively, were ascertained, whilst in the River Morava their numbers were 2 and 10, respectively. The fish assemblage consisted of 23 and 24 species, respectively, plus one hybrid in each of the rivers, bleak being by far the most abundant fish. In the sections under study, several rare and/or protected species were also recorded. Two of them, ide (Leuciscus idus) and burbot (Lota lota) belong among vulnerable fish species and four others, white-eye bream (Abramis sapa), striped ruffe (Gymnocephalus schraetser), streber (Zingel streber) and zingel (Zingel zingel), are considered as critically endangered species. Currently, both lower stretches of the rivers Morava and Dyje have been heavily invaded by round goby, Neogobius melanostomus.