Molecular and behavioral chronobiology of diploids and triploids oyters Crassostrea gigas exposed to the harmful algae Alexandrium minutum
Harmful algal blooms of Alexandrium minutum are constantly increasing at the global level, accentuated by anthropogenic contributions and global warming, causing ecological, economical and sanitary problems. During exposition to A. minutum, paralytic phycotoxins (PSP) accumulation differs between di...
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Other Authors: | , , , , , , |
Format: | Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
Language: | French |
Published: |
HAL CCSD
2017
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://theses.hal.science/tel-01579783 https://theses.hal.science/tel-01579783/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-01579783/file/PAYTON_LAURA_2017.pdf |
Summary: | Harmful algal blooms of Alexandrium minutum are constantly increasing at the global level, accentuated by anthropogenic contributions and global warming, causing ecological, economical and sanitary problems. During exposition to A. minutum, paralytic phycotoxins (PSP) accumulation differs between diploid and triploid oysters. Moreover, many physiological functions of the oyster C. gigas are impacted. All physiological functions of an organism are regulated by biological rhythms. As a fundamental property of life, biological rhythms allow organisms to synchronize and anticipate cyclic variations of the environment. In my work, I was interested in the biological rhythms of diploid and triploid oysters C. gigas, and their interactions with PSP contamination. A one-year in situ analysis revealed a previously unknown relationship between valve behavior of C. gigas and the lunar illumination cycle, as well as a fine and subtle relationship of the nycthemeral and tidal behavioral cycles with the annual evolution of the photoperiod. This relationship was modulated by the ploidy. Moreover, the development of a non-invasive approach of RNA interference revealed the involvement of the circadian clock in bioaccumulation processes of PSPs in C. gigas. Finally, analysis of the cyclic transcriptome in the gills of C. gigas showed that at least 42 % of the transcriptome can oscillate. Surprisingly, in day / night entrainment, most of transcripts were ultradians, three times more abundant than circadian transcripts. Exposed to A. minutum, results showed a profound remodeling of the cyclic transcriptome of C. gigas, which could lead to loss of synchronization of the oyster with its environment. Les efflorescences de la micro-algue toxique Alexandrium minutum sont en constante augmentation au niveau mondial, accentuées par les apports anthropiques et le réchauffement global, et posent des problèmes écologiques, économiques et sanitaires. Lors d’une exposition à A. minutum, l’accumulation des phycotoxines paralysantes (PSP) dans ... |
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