Spatial differentiation of marine eutrophication damage indicators based on species density

• Published in: Ecological Indicators
• Main Authors: Cosme, Nuno Miguel Dias, Jones, Miranda C., Cheung, William W. L., Larsen, Henrik Fred
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2016
• Subjects: Decision Sciences (all); Ecology; Evolution; Behavior and Systematics; Ecosystem damage; Effect; Exposure; Large marine ecosystems; Life cycle impact assessment; Potentially affected fraction of species; Carbon; Damage detection; Eutrophication; Forestry; Life cycle; Organic carbon; Sustainable development; Large marine ecosystem; Ecosystems; /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/life_below_water; SDG 14 - Life Below Water; Arctic; Arctic Ocean
• Online Access: https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/dab137fa-1d3c-4754-b4dc-dd8647d68227; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.10.026; https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/128124705/Cosme_et_al_2017_Marine_eutrophication_damage_ecolmodel_.pdf

Marine eutrophication refers to an ecosystem response to the loading of nutrients, typically nitrogen (N), to coastal waters where several impacts may occur. The increase of planktonic growth due to N-enrichment fuels the organic carbon cycles and may lead to excessive oxygen depletion in benthic waters. Such hypoxic conditions may cause severe effects on exposed ecological communities. The biologic processes that determine production, sink, and aerobic respiration of organic material, as a function of available N, are coupled with the sensitivity of demersal species to hypoxia to derive an indicator of the Ecosystem Response (ER) to N-uptake. The loss of species richness expressed by the ER is further modelled to a marine eutrophication Ecosystem Damage (meED) indicator, as an absolute metric of time integrated number of species disappeared (speciesyr), by applying a newly-proposed and spatially-explicit factor based on species density (SD). The meED indicator is calculated for 66 Large Marine Ecosystems and ranges from 1.6×10-12 specieskgN-1 in the Central Arctic Ocean, to 4.8×10-8 specieskgN-1 in the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf. The spatially explicit SDs contribute to the environmental relevance of meED scores and to the harmonisation of marine eutrophication impacts with other ecosystem-damage Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) indicators. The novel features improve current methodologies and support the adoption of the meED indicator in LCIA for the characterization of anthropogenic-N emissions and thus contributing to the sustainability assessment of human activities.