Distribution, Patchiness, and Behavior of Antarctic Zooplankton, Assessed Using Multi-Frequency Acoustic Techniques

The physical and biological forces that drive zooplankton distribution and patchiness on the antarctic continental shelf were examined, with particular emphasis on the Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba. Acoustic, video, and environmental data were collected during fall and winter surveys of the Mar...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Lawson, Gareth L.
Other Authors: MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE JOINT PROGRAM IN APPLIED OCEAN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Format: Text
Language:English
Published: 2006
Subjects:
Biology
Ecology
Geography
Optics
*ACOUSTICS
*ECOLOGY
*ANTARCTIC REGIONS
*BIOMASS CONVERSION
*ZOOPLANKTON
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION
MEASUREMENT
POSITION(LOCATION)
TEMPERATURE
ENVIRONMENTS
DISTRIBUTION
REGIONS
BAYS
TARGET STRENGTH
LAND AREAS
FOOD
MIGRATION
DIES
CONTINENTAL SHELVES
AVAILABILITY
WINTER
VERTICAL ORIENTATION
SURVEYS
RESOURCES
Antarctic
Marguerite
Marguerite Bay
The Antarctic
Antarc*
Antarctic Krill
Euphausia superba
Online Access:http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA458552
http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA458552
Description
Summary:The physical and biological forces that drive zooplankton distribution and patchiness on the antarctic continental shelf were examined, with particular emphasis on the Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba. Acoustic, video, and environmental data were collected during fall and winter surveys of the Marguerite Bay region in 2001 and 2002. Improved parametenzation of a theoretical model of krill target strength was achieved through direct measurement of all model parameters. Methods were developed and verified for acoustically distinguishing krill aggregations from other zooplankton, and estimating krill length, abundance, and biomass. Application of these methods to multi-frequency survey data demonstrated strong seasonal, inter-annual, and spatial variability in the distribution of both krill and overall zooplankton biomass. Highest krill biomass was consistently associated with regions close to land where temperatures at depth were cool. The vertical position and density of individual krill aggregations varied with time of day, food availability, and the occurrence of predators, suggesting that aggregation and die vertical migration represent a balance between avoiding visual predators and accessing shallowly distributed food resources. These findings have important implications to the fields of zooplankton acoustics and Antarctic krill ecology, especially in relation to the interactions of the krill with its predators. The original document contains color images.

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