ICE CONSTRUCTION: SURVEY OF EQUIPMENT FOR FLOODING.

• Main Authors: Hoffman,C. R., Dykins,J. E.
• Other Authors: NAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LAB PORT HUENEME CALIF
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 1966
• Subjects: Hydrology; Limnology and Potamology; Snow; Ice and Permafrost; Civil Engineering; (*ICE ISLANDS; CONSTRUCTION); (*HYDROLOGY; ICE ISLANDS); FLOODS; LEVEES; PUMPS; WATER; FREEZING; ICE; Ice; permafrost
• Online Access: http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD0628548; http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0628548

Two surface-flooding techniques for improving natural ice areas have been developed. Confined flooding, in which the flood is retained by natural boundaries and dikes, is used principally for filling and leveling thick natural ice areas. Free flooding, in which the outward flow of water is retained by freezing of the flood boundary, is generally used for accelerated thickening of relatively thin natural ice. This survey shows that adequate surface pumping units and flood distribution systems have been developed for confined flooding, and subsurface pumping units are being developed for free flooding. Mobile power-handling equipment is available for moving, lifting, and placing the pumps and other heavy gear required for ice construction, but the available man-handling gear for this work is less than adequate. Drills and augers are available for boring shallow holes in ice but not for deep holes. Electrical equipment and materials are available for cold-weather operation of single pump installations but systems for operating several pumps from a single power source have not been fully developed. Hot-air heaters, air compressors, chain saws, and other miscellaneous gear required for all types of ice flooding are available from commercial sources. It was concluded that continued development of the subsurface pumps and the necessary supporting equipment is needed to advance the techniques for leveling and strengthening natural ice areas. (Author)