First pre-modern record of the gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) in north-east Greenland

Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) is the largest falcon in the world. It inhabits a wide range of climate zones in the Northern Hemisphere, from boreal forests in the south of its range to the arid polar deserts of the High Arctic. In Greenland, because of the harsh, remote environments in which gyrfalco...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Polar Research
Main Authors: Gina E. Moseley, Jørgen Rosvold, Anne Birgitte Gotfredsen, Irka Hajdas, Olivier Gilg, Kristian M. Gregersen, Christoph Spötl, R. Lawrence Edwards
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Norwegian Polar Institute 2019
Subjects:
arctic
arctic ecology
climate change
cave
arctic circle
geochronology
Environmental sciences
GE1-350
Oceanography
GC1-1581
Arctic
Greenland
Kronprins Christian Land
Climate change
East Greenland
Falco rusticolus
gyrfalcon
Kronprins Christian land
Polar Research
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v38.3539
https://doaj.org/article/ff4281f253ae45ca9ba9b7c753a79438
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Summary:Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) is the largest falcon in the world. It inhabits a wide range of climate zones in the Northern Hemisphere, from boreal forests in the south of its range to the arid polar deserts of the High Arctic. In Greenland, because of the harsh, remote environments in which gyrfalcons live, research related to the contemporary and pre-modern periods has been limited to the north-west, central west and central east coasts, with no specific investigations being conducted for the north-east. Here, we report the first pre-modern record of a gyrfalcon in north-east Greenland, located at 80.4°N in Kronprins Christian Land. Skin tissue from a decaying gyrfalcon’s body was radiocarbon dated to 769–944 CE (common era) using a terrestrial-only calibration curve, and 1182–1456 CE using a marine-only calibration curve. Since the gyrfalcon has a mixed terrestrial/marine diet, the actual age can be said to belong between these two groups. This limited data, therefore places the presence of the gyrfalcon in north-east Greenland during a period of prolonged elevated temperatures and climate stress associated with the Medieval Climate Anomaly. Whether the gyrfalcon was part of a larger population or a straggler, and whether the species survived the whole of the Medieval Climate Anomaly in north-east Greenland, is unknown.

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