Culture-Dependent and -Independent Analyses Reveal the Diversity, Structure, and Assembly Mechanism of Benthic Bacterial Community in the Ross Sea, Antarctica

• Published in: Frontiers in Microbiology
• Main Authors: An-Zhang Li, Xi-Bin Han, Ming-Xia Zhang, Yang Zhou, Meng Chen, Qing Yao, Hong-Hui Zhu
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
• Subjects: Ross Sea; bacterial diversity; community structure; microflora; community assembly; high-throughput sequencing; Microbiology; QR1-502; Antarctic; Antarc*; Antarctica
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02523; https://doaj.org/article/f90e637a197541c9999e83472ec0f7d6

The benthic bacterial community in Antarctic continental shelf ecosystems are not well-documented. We collected 13 surface sediments from the Ross Sea, a biological hotspot in high-latitude maritime Antarctica undergoing rapid climate change and possible microflora shift, and aimed to study the diversity, structure and assembly mechanism of benthic bacterial community using both culture-dependent and -independent approaches. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed 370 OTUs distributed in 21 phyla and 284 genera. The bacterial community was dominated by Bacteroidetes, Gamma- and Alphaproteobacteria, and constituted by a compact, conserved and positively-correlated group of anaerobes and other competitive aerobic chemoheterotrophs. Null-model test based on βNTI and RCBray indicated that stochastic processes, including dispersal limitation and undominated fractions, were the main forces driving community assembly. On the other hand, environmental factors, mainly temperature, organic matter and chlorophyll, were significantly correlated with bacterial richness, diversity and community structure. Moreover, metabolic and physiological features of the prokaryotic taxa were mapped to evaluate the adaptive mechanisms and functional composition of the benthic bacterial community. Our study is helpful to understand the structural and functional aspects, as well as the ecological and biogeochemical role of the benthic bacterial community in the Ross Sea.