Solar Magnetic Polarity Effect on Neutron Monitor Count Rates: Comparing Latitude Surveys and Antarctic Stations

The Galactic cosmic-ray spectrum manifests pronounced variations over the 11 yr sunspot cycle and more subtle variations over the 22 yr solar magnetic cycle. An important tool to study these variations is repeated latitude surveys with neutron monitors (NMs) on board icebreakers in conjunction with...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Astrophysical Journal
Main Authors: K. Poopakun, W. Nuntiyakul, S. Khamphakdee, A. Seripienlert, D. Ruffolo, P. Evenson, P. Jiang, P. Chuanraksasat, K. Munakata, M. L. Duldig, J. E. Humble, J. Madsen, B. Soonthornthum, S. Komonjinda
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2023
Subjects:
Galactic cosmic rays
Solar cycle
Solar-terrestrial interactions
Astrophysics
QB460-466
Antarc*
Antarctic
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad02f1
https://doaj.org/article/f5e15617a9be4f3ebe33e532f17e21ca
Description
Summary:The Galactic cosmic-ray spectrum manifests pronounced variations over the 11 yr sunspot cycle and more subtle variations over the 22 yr solar magnetic cycle. An important tool to study these variations is repeated latitude surveys with neutron monitors (NMs) on board icebreakers in conjunction with land-based references. We revisit 13 annual latitude surveys from 1994 to 2007 using reference data from the Mawson NM instead of McMurdo NM (which closed in 2017). We then consider two more latitude surveys (2018 and 2019) with a monitor similar to the 3NM64 in the previous surveys but without lead rings around the central tube, a so-called “semi-leaded neutron monitor.” The new surveys extend the linear relationship among data taken at different cutoff rigidity ranges. They also confirm the “crossover” measured near solar minima during epochs of opposite solar magnetic polarity and the absence of a crossover for epochs having the same solar magnetic polarity.

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