Merohedral Mechanism Twining Growth of Natural Cation-Ordered Tetragonal Grossular

Garnet supergroup minerals are in the interest of different applications in geology, mineralogy, and petrology and as optical material for material science. The growth twins of natural tetragonal grossular from the Wiluy River, Yakutia, Russia, were investigated using single-crystal X-ray diffractio...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Crystals
Main Authors: Taras L. Panikorovskii, Irina O. Galuskina, Vladimir N. Bocharov, Vladimir V. Shilovskikh, Evgeny V. Galuskin
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022
Subjects:
grossular
twin
merohedral twinning
hydrogarnet defect
cation ordering
crystal structure
Crystallography
QD901-999
Yakutia
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12111638
https://doaj.org/article/e5f66772f0774d979c355021e09e1d1e
Description
Summary:Garnet supergroup minerals are in the interest of different applications in geology, mineralogy, and petrology and as optical material for material science. The growth twins of natural tetragonal grossular from the Wiluy River, Yakutia, Russia, were investigated using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, optical studies, Raman spectroscopy, microprobe, and scanning electron microscopy. The studied grossular is pseudo-cubic (a = 11.9390 (4), c = 11.9469 (6) Å) and birefringent (0.01). Its structure was refined in the Ia <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mover accent="true"><mn>3</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover></semantics></math> d , I 4 1 / acd , I 4 1 / a , and I <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mover accent="true"><mn>4</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></mrow></semantics></math> d space groups. The I 4 1 / a space group was chosen as the most possible one due to the absence of violating reflections and ordering of Mg 2+ and Fe 3+ in two independent octahedral sites, which cause the symmetry breaking according to the group–subgroup relation Ia <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mover accent="true"><mn>3</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover></semantics></math> d → I 4 1 / a . Octahedral crystals of (H 4 O 4 ) 4− -substituted grossular are merohedrally twinned by twofold axis along [110]. The mechanism of twining growth led to the generation of stacking faults on the (110) plane and results in the formation of crystals with a long prismatic habit.

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