Chemical profiling and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb., Curcuma glans K. Larsen & J. Mood and Curcuma cf. xanthorrhiza Roxb. collected in Thailand

• Published in: Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine
• Main Authors: Nararat Akarchariya, Sasithorn Sirilun, Jakaphun Julsrigival, Sunee Chansakaowa
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2017
• Subjects: Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb; Curcuma glans K. Larsen & J. Mood; Curcuma cf. xanthorrhiza Roxb; Essential oil; Antimicrobial activity; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine; RC955-962; Biology (General); QH301-705.5; Arctic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.09.009; https://doaj.org/article/df9a4a69fc5741ed8cab07e8f1c6d133

Objective: To investigate chemical constituents and new antimicrobial agents among essential oils from the rhizomes of Curcuma aeruginosa (C. aeruginosa) Roxb., Curcuma glans K. Larsen & J. Mood and Curcuma cf. xanthorrhiza Roxb. Methods: The essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Agar-well diffusion assay was used to study the anti-microbial activity and also broth-micro dilution techniques were examined for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against four bacterial strains and yeast. Results: The gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis showed monoterpenes predominantly (88.53%) in the rhizome oil of Curcuma cf. xanthorrhiza. Sesquiterpenes (50.10%) was the most abundant component in the essential oil of C. glans, while monoterpenes (45.55%) and sesquiterpenes (45.81%) were found in C. aeruginosa with a significant amount. The major components of C. aeruginosa were characterized as camphor (29.39%) and germacrone (21.21%). Germacrone (15.76%), β-pinene (9.97%) and camphor (9.96%) were found as major compounds in the rhizome oils of C. glans while α-terpinolene (24.86%) and p-cymen-7-ol (12.17%) were found as major compositions in Curcuma cf. xanthorrhiza. The essential oils were tested against four bacterial strains and yeast. As a result, the rhizome oil of C. aeruginosa exhibited potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus [inhibition zone (21.94 ± 0.24) mm, MIC 125 μg/mL], Bacillus cereus [inhibition zone (20.83 ± 0.36) mm, MIC 125 μg/mL], and Candida albicans [inhibition zone (11.60 ± 0.30) mm, MIC 250 μg/mL]. Conclusions: The essential oils from three Curcuma species possessed greater activity against the gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) than gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The results suggest that the essential oils from the fresh rhizome of Curcuma spp. might be a potential source of natural antimicrobial substances.