Current characteristics of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in a cohort of hospitalized patients in Medellín, Colombia

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV patients. It is unknown if the advent of molecular diagnostic methods and a greater availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in our country have changed some characteristics of the TB/HIV co-infection. Object...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomédica
Main Authors: Lina Ruiz, María Angélica Maya, Zulma Vanesa Rueda, Lucelly López, Lázaro Agustín Vélez
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Spanish
Published: Instituto Nacional de Salud 2018
Subjects:
HIV
R
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v38i3.3862
https://doaj.org/article/d9f65445db88452c9180d8e3dc5f87c9
Description
Summary:Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV patients. It is unknown if the advent of molecular diagnostic methods and a greater availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in our country have changed some characteristics of the TB/HIV co-infection. Objective: To describe the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, resistance patterns, tuberculosis drug effects and mortality in co-infected patients. Materials and methods: Retrospective study based on the review of medical records of hospitalized co-infected adults in a university hospital in Medellín, Colombia. Results: A total of 178 patients was included in the study. TB and HIV diagnosis was simultaneous in 49.4%. In the moment of TB diagnosis, the median CD4 count was 61 cells/μL (27-145). Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) occurred in 28% of patients, extrapulmonary (EPTB) in 23%, and mixed TB in 48.9%. The main EPTB affectations were lymphatic (55.4%), gastrointestinal (35.9%), and of the central nervous system (18.7%). Ziehl-Neelsen stain was positive in 137 patients (77%), mycobacterium culture in 121 (68%), and TB-PCR, in 85 of those patients in whom the test was done. Rifampicin resistance was detected in six cases (4.9%). Transaminases (ALT) increased in half of the patients during TB treatment, but only 10% met liver-toxicity criteria. In-hospital mortality was 11.3%. The single risk factor associated with mortality was CD4 count <50/μL (RR=3.9; 95% CI: 1.36-11.37; p=0.01). Conclusions: When it occurs as an opportunistic infection, TB usually leads to the diagnosis of advanced HIV disease. If used appropriately, TB diagnosis in these patients can be done by conventional methods. It is always necessary to monitor liver function during TB treatment and to rule out drug resistance.