| Summary: | In recent years, with the development of "green shipping economy", the northwest Arctic waterway has become the focus of competition because of its potential huge navigation value. Plastic waste and other erosion of marine ecology has also caused many disputes within the scope of international law. The problem that the coastal States of the Northwest Passage, represented by Canada, abusing the vague areas of freedom of navigation and environmental protection under the framework of the international law of the sea, and arbitrarily expanding the scope of domestic law to impose unreasonable restrictions on the freedom of navigation of other countries is becoming more and more prominent. For the sake of peace and stability of international navigation order and realize the sustainable development of Arctic shipping, this paper analyzed the legal disputes between the navigation safety control area system and the particularly sensitive sea area system, and constructed a balanced path between the navigation freedom and environmental protection of the Arctic Northwest Navigation Channel under the name of "environmental protection".
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