Unraveling the Arctic Sea Ice Change since the Middle of the Twentieth Century
Changes in Arctic sea ice since the middle of the last century are explored in this study. Both observations and climate model simulations show an overall sea ice expansion during 1953–1970 but a general sea ice decline afterward. Anthropogenic aerosols, nature forcing and atmospheric ozone changes...
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2023
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13020058 https://doaj.org/article/c4d6cbd785764bb5834ab90d09349cf9 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:c4d6cbd785764bb5834ab90d09349cf9 2023-05-15T14:33:11+02:00 Unraveling the Arctic Sea Ice Change since the Middle of the Twentieth Century Nathan Kong Wei Liu 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13020058 https://doaj.org/article/c4d6cbd785764bb5834ab90d09349cf9 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/13/2/58 https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3263 doi:10.3390/geosciences13020058 2076-3263 https://doaj.org/article/c4d6cbd785764bb5834ab90d09349cf9 Geosciences, Vol 13, Iss 58, p 58 (2023) Arctic sea ice external forcing internal climate variability Geology QE1-996.5 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13020058 2023-02-26T01:30:13Z Changes in Arctic sea ice since the middle of the last century are explored in this study. Both observations and climate model simulations show an overall sea ice expansion during 1953–1970 but a general sea ice decline afterward. Anthropogenic aerosols, nature forcing and atmospheric ozone changes are found to contribute to the sea ice expansion in the early period. Their effects are strong generally in late boreal summer. On the other hand, greenhouse gas warming has a dominant effect on diminishing Arctic sea ice cover during 1971–2005, especially in September. Internal climate variability also plays a role in the Arctic sea ice change during 1953–1970. However, it cannot solely explain the Arctic sea ice decline since the 1970s. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Geosciences 13 2 58 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic sea ice external forcing internal climate variability Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic sea ice external forcing internal climate variability Geology QE1-996.5 Nathan Kong Wei Liu Unraveling the Arctic Sea Ice Change since the Middle of the Twentieth Century |
topic_facet |
Arctic sea ice external forcing internal climate variability Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
Changes in Arctic sea ice since the middle of the last century are explored in this study. Both observations and climate model simulations show an overall sea ice expansion during 1953–1970 but a general sea ice decline afterward. Anthropogenic aerosols, nature forcing and atmospheric ozone changes are found to contribute to the sea ice expansion in the early period. Their effects are strong generally in late boreal summer. On the other hand, greenhouse gas warming has a dominant effect on diminishing Arctic sea ice cover during 1971–2005, especially in September. Internal climate variability also plays a role in the Arctic sea ice change during 1953–1970. However, it cannot solely explain the Arctic sea ice decline since the 1970s. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Nathan Kong Wei Liu |
author_facet |
Nathan Kong Wei Liu |
author_sort |
Nathan Kong |
title |
Unraveling the Arctic Sea Ice Change since the Middle of the Twentieth Century |
title_short |
Unraveling the Arctic Sea Ice Change since the Middle of the Twentieth Century |
title_full |
Unraveling the Arctic Sea Ice Change since the Middle of the Twentieth Century |
title_fullStr |
Unraveling the Arctic Sea Ice Change since the Middle of the Twentieth Century |
title_full_unstemmed |
Unraveling the Arctic Sea Ice Change since the Middle of the Twentieth Century |
title_sort |
unraveling the arctic sea ice change since the middle of the twentieth century |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13020058 https://doaj.org/article/c4d6cbd785764bb5834ab90d09349cf9 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Sea ice |
op_source |
Geosciences, Vol 13, Iss 58, p 58 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/13/2/58 https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3263 doi:10.3390/geosciences13020058 2076-3263 https://doaj.org/article/c4d6cbd785764bb5834ab90d09349cf9 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13020058 |
container_title |
Geosciences |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
58 |
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1766306476016533504 |