Unraveling the Arctic Sea Ice Change since the Middle of the Twentieth Century

Changes in Arctic sea ice since the middle of the last century are explored in this study. Both observations and climate model simulations show an overall sea ice expansion during 1953–1970 but a general sea ice decline afterward. Anthropogenic aerosols, nature forcing and atmospheric ozone changes...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Geosciences
Main Authors: Nathan Kong, Wei Liu
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023
Subjects:
Arctic sea ice
external forcing
internal climate variability
Geology
QE1-996.5
Arctic
Sea ice
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13020058
https://doaj.org/article/c4d6cbd785764bb5834ab90d09349cf9
Description
Summary:Changes in Arctic sea ice since the middle of the last century are explored in this study. Both observations and climate model simulations show an overall sea ice expansion during 1953–1970 but a general sea ice decline afterward. Anthropogenic aerosols, nature forcing and atmospheric ozone changes are found to contribute to the sea ice expansion in the early period. Their effects are strong generally in late boreal summer. On the other hand, greenhouse gas warming has a dominant effect on diminishing Arctic sea ice cover during 1971–2005, especially in September. Internal climate variability also plays a role in the Arctic sea ice change during 1953–1970. However, it cannot solely explain the Arctic sea ice decline since the 1970s.

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