| Summary: | Extensive proxy data and modeling suggest that the environmental response to climate forcing varied both spatially and temporarily even during the current interglacial (Davis et al., 2003; Davis and Brewer, 2009). The drivers of these short-term shifts in climate are of multiple origins, ranging from solar irradiance, periodic shifts in the regional expression of atmospheric circulation (e.g., NAO phases) to the episodic cold-water forcing of North Atlantic surface waters. Recently Magny et al. (2013) provided a comprehensive overview of regional climate change during the Holocene and its reflection in local hydrological data and water levels. Although these studies suggest a degree of regionalism in the climate signal, which might be expected, the most intriguing hypothesis is the so-called seesaw gradient, expressed as latitudinal and longitudinal differences in climate over relatively short distances (Davis et al., 2003; Davis and Brewer, 2009). In central-eastern Europe it is likely that the distribution of mountain ranges contributed even further to this climate fragmentation, therefore a regional scale perspective of the temporal development of climatic conditions and phase-relationships requires an increasing spatial resolution in proxy record (Dragusin et al., 2014)
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