Extraction of Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Atlantic Sea Cucumber ( Cucumaria frondosa ) Viscera Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

This study explores the potential of Cucumaria frondosa ( C. frondosa ) viscera as a natural source of omega-3 FAs using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) extraction. The extraction conditions were optimized using a response surface design, and the optimal parameters were identified as 75 °C an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Marine Drugs
Main Authors: Jianan Lin, Guangling Jiao, Marianne Su-Ling Brooks, Suzanne M. Budge, Azadeh Kermanshahi-pour
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024
Subjects:
Cucumaria frondosa
supercritical carbon dioxide
supercritical fluid extraction
sea cucumber by-products
omega-3 fatty acids
ethanol-soaking pre-treatment
Biology (General)
QH301-705.5
Dyer
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3390/md22080366
https://doaj.org/article/b8d159351d8c443992c868a0090c6e69
Description
Summary:This study explores the potential of Cucumaria frondosa ( C. frondosa ) viscera as a natural source of omega-3 FAs using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) extraction. The extraction conditions were optimized using a response surface design, and the optimal parameters were identified as 75 °C and 45 MPa, with a 20 min static and a 30 min dynamic extraction, and a 2:1 ethanol to feedstock mass ratio. Under these conditions, the scCO 2 extraction yielded higher FAs than the solvent-based Bligh and Dyer method. The comparative analysis demonstrated that scCO 2 extraction (16.30 g of FAs/100 g of dried samples) yielded more fatty acids than the conventional Bligh and Dyer method (9.02 g, or 13.59 g of FAs/100 g of dried samples with ultrasonic assistance), indicating that scCO 2 extraction is a viable, green alternative to traditional solvent-based techniques for recovering fatty acids. The pre-treatment effects, including drying methods and ethanol-soaking, were investigated. Freeze-drying significantly enhanced FA yields to almost 100% recovery, while ethanol-soaked viscera tripled the FA yields compared to fresh samples, achieving similar EPA and DHA levels to hot-air-dried samples. These findings highlight the potential of sea cucumber viscera as an efficient source of omega-3 FA extraction and offer an alternative to traditional extraction procedures.

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