The 1991 explosive Hudson volcanic eruption as a geochronological marker for the Northern Antarctic Peninsula

Abstract It is estimated that the explosive Hudson volcano eruption in Southern Chile injected approximately 2.7 km3 of basalt and trachyandesite tephra into the troposphere between August 8-15, 1991. The Hudson signal has been detected in Antarctica at the eastern sector and in South Pole snow. In...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
Main Authors: HEITOR EVANGELISTA, ALEXANDRE CASTAGNA, ALEXANDRE CORREIA, MARIUSZ POTOCKI, FRANCISCO AQUINO, ALEXANDRE ALENCAR, PAUL MAYEWSKI, ANDREI KURBATOV, RICARDO JAÑA, JULIANA NOGUEIRA, MARCUS LICINIO, ELAINE ALVES, JEFFERSON C. SIMÕES
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Academia Brasileira de Ciências 2021
Subjects:
Aerosols
Antarctic Peninsula
Hudson volcano
Volcanism
Science
Q
Antarctic
Detroit
Hudson
King George Island
South Pole
The Antarctic
Antarc*
Antarctica
ice core
South pole
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220210810
https://doaj.org/article/b0dcb2ed9857495faff40f80fde16768
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Summary:Abstract It is estimated that the explosive Hudson volcano eruption in Southern Chile injected approximately 2.7 km3 of basalt and trachyandesite tephra into the troposphere between August 8-15, 1991. The Hudson signal has been detected in Antarctica at the eastern sector and in South Pole snow. In this work, we track the Hudson volcanic plume using a dispersion model, remote sensing, and a re-analysis of a high-resolution ice core analysis from the Detroit Plateau in the Antarctic Peninsula and sedimentary records from shallow lakes from King George Island (KGI). The Hudson eruption imprint in these records is confirmed by using a weekly resolved aerosol concentration database from KGI demonstrating that the regional impact of Hudson eruption predominates over the Mount Pinatubo/Phillippines volcanic signal, dated from June 1991, in terms of particulate matter depositions. The aerosol elemental composition of Ca, Fe, Ti, Si, Al, Zn, and Pb increases from 2 to 3 orders of magnitude in background level during the days following the eruption of the Hudson volcano.

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