Piscirickettsia salmonis- Triggered Extracellular Traps Formation as an Innate Immune Response of Atlantic Salmon-Derived Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils

• Published in: Biology
• Main Authors: Pablo Alarcon, Gabriel Espinosa, Catalina Millan, Julia Saravia, Vania Quinteros, Ricardo Enriquez, Claudio Henriquez, Luis Vargas-Chacoff, Rafael A. Burgos, Anja Taubert, Carlos Hermosilla, Francisco J. Morera
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021
• Subjects: extracellular traps; Atlantic salmon; Piscirickettsia salmonis; innate immunity; Salmo salar; Biology (General); QH301-705.5
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10030206; https://doaj.org/article/aeae04da91844e2cbd9385ac95ae29f7

Extracellular traps (ETs) are webs of DNA, citrullinated histones, anti-microbial peptides, and proteins that were not previously reported in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ). ETs are mainly released from polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and are considered a novel PMN-derived effector mechanism against different invasive pathogens. Here, we showed that Atlantic salmon-derived PMN released ETs-like structures in vitro in response to highly pathogenic facultative intracellular rickettsial bacteria Piscirickettsia salmonis . PMN were isolated from pre-smolt Atlantic salmon and stimulated in vitro with oleic acid and P. salmonis. Extracellular DNA was measured using the PicoGreen™ dye, while immunofluorescence image analysis was used to confirm the classical components of salmonid-extruded ETs. Future studies are required to better understand the role of Atlantic salmon-derived ETs orchestrating innate/adaptive immunity and the knowledge on regulation pathways involved in this cell death process. Thus, comprehension of salmonid-derived ETs against P. salmonis might represent novel alternative strategies to improve host innate defense mechanisms of farmed salmon against closely related rickettsial bacteria, as a complement to disease prevention and control strategies.