Hydrography, transport and mixing of the West Spitsbergen Current: the Svalbard Branch in summer 2015
Measurements of ocean currents, stratification and microstructure were made in August 2015, northwest of Svalbard, downstream of the Atlantic inflow in Fram Strait in the Arctic Ocean. Observations in three sections are used to characterize the evolution of the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) along a...
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Copernicus Publications
2018
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1603-2018 https://doaj.org/article/ac5e1f29ba5e4c53b206ee23720de065 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ac5e1f29ba5e4c53b206ee23720de065 2023-05-15T15:16:10+02:00 Hydrography, transport and mixing of the West Spitsbergen Current: the Svalbard Branch in summer 2015 E. Kolås I. Fer 2018-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1603-2018 https://doaj.org/article/ac5e1f29ba5e4c53b206ee23720de065 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.ocean-sci.net/14/1603/2018/os-14-1603-2018.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1812-0784 https://doaj.org/toc/1812-0792 doi:10.5194/os-14-1603-2018 1812-0784 1812-0792 https://doaj.org/article/ac5e1f29ba5e4c53b206ee23720de065 Ocean Science, Vol 14, Pp 1603-1618 (2018) Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1603-2018 2022-12-31T01:09:10Z Measurements of ocean currents, stratification and microstructure were made in August 2015, northwest of Svalbard, downstream of the Atlantic inflow in Fram Strait in the Arctic Ocean. Observations in three sections are used to characterize the evolution of the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) along a 170 km downstream distance. Two alternative calculations imply 1.5 to 2 Sv (1 Sv = 10 6 m 3 s −1 ) is routed to recirculation and Yermak branch in Fram Strait, whereas 0.6 to 1.3 Sv is carried by the Svalbard branch. The WSC cools at a rate of 0.20 ∘ C per 100 km, with associated bulk heat loss per along-path meter of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1.1</mn><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1.4</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn><mn mathvariant="normal">7</mn></msup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="79pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="22f92739fae766779ce14d58986af1e6"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="os-14-1603-2018-ie00001.svg" width="79pt" height="15pt" src="os-14-1603-2018-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> W m −1 , corresponding to a surface heat loss of 380–550 W m −2 . The measured turbulent heat flux is too small to account for this cooling rate. Estimates using a plausible range of parameters suggest that the contribution of diffusion by eddies could be limited to one half of the observed heat loss. In addition to shear-driven mixing beneath the WSC core, we observe energetic convective mixing of an unstable bottom boundary layer on the slope, driven by Ekman advection of buoyant water across the slope. The estimated lateral buoyancy flux is O (10 −8 ) W kg −1 , sufficient to maintain a large fraction of the observed dissipation ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Fram Strait Svalbard Spitsbergen Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard Ocean Science 14 6 1603 1618 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
spellingShingle |
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 E. Kolås I. Fer Hydrography, transport and mixing of the West Spitsbergen Current: the Svalbard Branch in summer 2015 |
topic_facet |
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
description |
Measurements of ocean currents, stratification and microstructure were made in August 2015, northwest of Svalbard, downstream of the Atlantic inflow in Fram Strait in the Arctic Ocean. Observations in three sections are used to characterize the evolution of the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) along a 170 km downstream distance. Two alternative calculations imply 1.5 to 2 Sv (1 Sv = 10 6 m 3 s −1 ) is routed to recirculation and Yermak branch in Fram Strait, whereas 0.6 to 1.3 Sv is carried by the Svalbard branch. The WSC cools at a rate of 0.20 ∘ C per 100 km, with associated bulk heat loss per along-path meter of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1.1</mn><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1.4</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn><mn mathvariant="normal">7</mn></msup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="79pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="22f92739fae766779ce14d58986af1e6"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="os-14-1603-2018-ie00001.svg" width="79pt" height="15pt" src="os-14-1603-2018-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> W m −1 , corresponding to a surface heat loss of 380–550 W m −2 . The measured turbulent heat flux is too small to account for this cooling rate. Estimates using a plausible range of parameters suggest that the contribution of diffusion by eddies could be limited to one half of the observed heat loss. In addition to shear-driven mixing beneath the WSC core, we observe energetic convective mixing of an unstable bottom boundary layer on the slope, driven by Ekman advection of buoyant water across the slope. The estimated lateral buoyancy flux is O (10 −8 ) W kg −1 , sufficient to maintain a large fraction of the observed dissipation ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
E. Kolås I. Fer |
author_facet |
E. Kolås I. Fer |
author_sort |
E. Kolås |
title |
Hydrography, transport and mixing of the West Spitsbergen Current: the Svalbard Branch in summer 2015 |
title_short |
Hydrography, transport and mixing of the West Spitsbergen Current: the Svalbard Branch in summer 2015 |
title_full |
Hydrography, transport and mixing of the West Spitsbergen Current: the Svalbard Branch in summer 2015 |
title_fullStr |
Hydrography, transport and mixing of the West Spitsbergen Current: the Svalbard Branch in summer 2015 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hydrography, transport and mixing of the West Spitsbergen Current: the Svalbard Branch in summer 2015 |
title_sort |
hydrography, transport and mixing of the west spitsbergen current: the svalbard branch in summer 2015 |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1603-2018 https://doaj.org/article/ac5e1f29ba5e4c53b206ee23720de065 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Fram Strait Svalbard Spitsbergen |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Fram Strait Svalbard Spitsbergen |
op_source |
Ocean Science, Vol 14, Pp 1603-1618 (2018) |
op_relation |
https://www.ocean-sci.net/14/1603/2018/os-14-1603-2018.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1812-0784 https://doaj.org/toc/1812-0792 doi:10.5194/os-14-1603-2018 1812-0784 1812-0792 https://doaj.org/article/ac5e1f29ba5e4c53b206ee23720de065 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1603-2018 |
container_title |
Ocean Science |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
1603 |
op_container_end_page |
1618 |
_version_ |
1766346462693687296 |