Identification of Sarcocystis and Trichinella Species in Muscles of Gray Wolf ( Canis lupus ) from Lithuania

Apicomplexan Sarcocystis and Trichinella nematodes are food-borne parasites whose life cycle is carried-out in various wildlife and domestic animals. The gray wolf ( Canis lupus ) is an apex predator acting as an ecosystem engineer. This study aimed to identify the species of Sarcocystis and Trichin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Veterinary Sciences
Main Authors: Evelina Juozaitytė-Ngugu, Evelina Maziliauskaitė, Muza Kirjušina, Petras Prakas, Rasa Vaitkevičiūtė, Jolanta Stankevičiūtė, Dalius Butkauskas
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024
Subjects:
Sarcocystis
Trichinella
gray wolf
molecular identification
host-specificity
phylogeny
Veterinary medicine
SF600-1100
Canis lupus
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11020085
https://doaj.org/article/ab247a2289314b288dfb3b0cd811ed0c
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Summary:Apicomplexan Sarcocystis and Trichinella nematodes are food-borne parasites whose life cycle is carried-out in various wildlife and domestic animals. The gray wolf ( Canis lupus ) is an apex predator acting as an ecosystem engineer. This study aimed to identify the species of Sarcocystis and Trichinella found in the muscles of gray wolves in Lithuania. During the 2017–2022 period, diaphragm, heart, and hind leg samples of 15 animals were examined. Microscopical analysis showed the presence of two types of Sarcocystis parasites in 26.7% of the analyzed muscle samples. Based on the sequencing of five loci, nuclear 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, ITS1 , mitochondrial cox1 , and apicoplast rpoB , S. arctica , and S. svanai were identified. The current work presents the first report of S. svanai in gray wolf. Phylogenetically, S. svanai clustered together with S. lutrae , infecting various carnivorans, and S. arctica was most closely related to S. felis from domestic cats. Trichinella spp. were found in 12 gray wolves (80%). For the first time, Trichinella species were molecularly identified in gray wolves from Lithuania. Trichinella britovi was confirmed in all of the isolated Trichinella larvae using a multiplex PCR. Gray wolves in Lithuania may serve as a major source of zoonotic pathogens due to the presence of these parasites.

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