Infant and young child feeding in four departments in Haiti: mixed-method study on prevalence of recommended practices and related attitudes, beliefs, and other determinants

• Main Authors: Anne Laterra, Mohamed A. Ayoya, Jean-Max Beaulière, M'mbakwa Bienfait, Helena Pachón
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English; Spanish; Portuguese
• Published: Pan American Health Organization 2014
• Subjects: Nutrición en salud pública; nutrición del lactante; nutrición del niño; alimentación; métodos de alimentación; lactancia materna; dieta; Haití; Medicine; R; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine; RC955-962; Public aspects of medicine; RA1-1270; Arctic
• Online Access: https://doaj.org/article/a851d2781cbc40358c41c4797631abcd

OBJECTIVE: To determine and describe the prevalence and patterns of three recommended practices for infant and young child feeding-exclusive breastfeeding (EB), continued breastfeeding (CB), and achievement of minimum dietary diversity-in four regions in Haiti, and to identify the attitudes and beliefs that inform these practices and any other factors that may facilitate or impede their implementation. METHODS: This study utilized a mixed-methods approach consisting of 1) a cross-sectional survey (n = 310) and 2) 12 focus group discussions among women ≥18 years old with children ≤ 2 years old. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with 1) EB during the first six months of life, 2) CB for children ≥ 2 years old, and 3) receipt of a diverse variety of complementary foods. Qualitative data were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed for common themes. Data were collected in June and July 2013 in four departments in Haiti: Artibonite, Nippes, Ouest, and Sud-Est. RESULTS: Prevalence of EB, CB, and achievement of minimum dietary diversity was 57.0%, 11.9%, and 21.2% respectively. EB was statistically significantly associated with infant's age when controlling for annual household income, location of most recent birth, or receipt of CB counseling (odds ratio (OR) = 0.67 (95% CI: 0.47-0.97)). CB was not statistically significantly associated with rural place of residence, receipt of CB counseling, parity, or infant's age. Meeting minimum dietary diversity was not significantly associated with parity, receipt of postnatal care, rural place of residence, location of most recent birth, receipt of infant and young child feeding counseling, or level of schooling. Beliefs surrounding the relationship between the mother's health and her diet on the quality of breast milk may prohibit EB and CB. Qualitative data revealed that dietary diversity may be low because 1) mothers often struggle to introduce complementary foods and 2) those that are traditionally introduced are ...