A Novel Method for Carbon Nanotube Functionalization Using Immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been proposed as nanovehicles for drug or antigen delivery since they can be functionalized with different biomolecules. For this purpose, different types of molecules have been chemically bonded to CNTs; however, this method has low efficiency and generates solvent wast...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nanomaterials
Main Authors: José Jesús Guzmán-Mendoza, David Chávez-Flores, Silvia Lorena Montes-Fonseca, Carmen González-Horta, Erasmo Orrantia-Borunda, Blanca Sánchez-Ramírez
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022
Subjects:
carbon nanotubes
enzymatic functionalization
Candida antarctica lipase
ester bond
covalent functionalization
Chemistry
QD1-999
Antarc*
Antarctica
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12091465
https://doaj.org/article/933c9bdf9510433b89cb9c01e72438f2
Description
Summary:Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been proposed as nanovehicles for drug or antigen delivery since they can be functionalized with different biomolecules. For this purpose, different types of molecules have been chemically bonded to CNTs; however, this method has low efficiency and generates solvent waste. Candida antarctica lipase is an enzyme that, in an organic solvent, can bind a carboxylic to a hydroxyl group by esterase activity. The objective of this work was to functionalize purified CNTs with insulin as a protein model using an immobilized lipase of Candida antarctica to develop a sustainable functionalization method with high protein attachment. The functionalized CNTs were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE). The enzymatic functionalization of insulin on the surface of the CNTs was found to have an efficiency of 21%, which is higher in conversion and greener than previously reported by the diimide-activated amidation method. These results suggest that enzymatic esterification is a convenient and efficient method for CNT functionalization with proteins. Moreover, this functionalization method can be used to enhance the cellular-specific release of proteins by lysosomal esterases.

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