Assimilating near-real-time mass balance stake readings into a model ensemble using a particle filter
Short-term glacier variations can be important for water supplies or hydropower production, and glaciers are important indicators of climate change. This is why the interest in near-real-time mass balance nowcasting is considerable. Here, we address this interest and provide an evaluation of continu...
| Published in: | The Cryosphere |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2021
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5017-2021 https://doaj.org/article/8d3cf11c5c744880ad77aff8d2fd0f26 |
| Summary: | Short-term glacier variations can be important for water supplies or hydropower production, and glaciers are important indicators of climate change. This is why the interest in near-real-time mass balance nowcasting is considerable. Here, we address this interest and provide an evaluation of continuous observations of point mass balance based on online cameras transmitting images every 20 min. The cameras were installed on three Swiss glaciers during summer 2019, provided 352 near-real-time point mass balances in total, and revealed melt rates of up to 0.12 m water equivalent per day ( <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="unit"><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mspace width="0.125em" linebreak="nobreak"/><mi mathvariant="normal">w</mi><mo>.</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mo>.</mo><mspace width="0.125em" linebreak="nobreak"/><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="49pt" height="13pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="056de580a9dceed70ccf380e475ee9ff"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="tc-15-5017-2021-ie00001.svg" width="49pt" height="13pt" src="tc-15-5017-2021-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> ) and of more than 5 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="unit"><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mspace linebreak="nobreak" width="0.125em"/><mi mathvariant="normal">w</mi><mo>.</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mo>.</mo></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32pt" height="8pt" class="svg-formula" ... |
|---|