Variability of sea salt and methanesulfonate in firn cores from northern Victoria Land, Antarctica: Their links to oceanic and atmospheric condition variability in the Ross Sea

• Published in: Frontiers in Earth Science
• Main Authors: Seokhyun Ro, Sang-Bum Hong, Joo-Hong Kim, Yeongcheol Han, Soon Do Hur, Jung-Ho Kang, Songyi Kim, Changkyu Lim, Chaewon Chang, Jangil Moon, Seong-Joong Kim, Sungmin Hong
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
• Subjects: Ross Sea; Styx firn cores; sea salt sodium; methanesulfonate; Pacific–South American mode; Ross Sea polynya; Science; Q; East Antarctica; Victoria Land; Pacific; Styx Glacier; Antarc*; Antarctica; ice core
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.896470; https://doaj.org/article/807dce82735847e08f08a480cef77e0c

The potential ice core proxies of variability in oceanic and atmospheric conditions over the Ross Sea were evaluated. This study examined sea salt sodium (ss–Na+) and biogenic sulfur (methanesulfonate, MS–) records, covering 23 years between 1990 and 2012, from two firn cores drilled on the Styx Glacier plateau (SGP), northern Victoria Land, East Antarctica, to examine the potential links between those records and datasets for various climate variables. The comparison showed that the interannual variability of the ss–Na+ record is closely related to Pacific–South American mode 2 (PSA2) in the Ross Sea sector, exhibiting an increased ss–Na+ flux, owing most likely to more frequent penetration of maritime air masses from the western Ross Sea to the SGP when the winter/spring PSA2 mode becomes more pronounced. The observed MS– record revealed statistically significant positive correlations with the changes in the summertime chlorophyll a concentration in the Ross Sea polynya (RSP) and wind speed in the southern Ross Sea region. This indicates the dominant role of a combination of changes in the summertime primary productivity and wind speed over the RSP in modulating the MS– deposition flux at the SGP. These results highlight the suitability of the ss–Na+ and MS– records from the SGP as proxies for characterizing the dominant patterns of variability in oceanic and atmospheric conditions and their underlying mechanisms on interannual and longer timescales beyond the instrumental limits over the Ross Sea region.