Host Species Adaptation of Obligate Gut Anaerobes Is Dependent on Their Environmental Survival

The gut microbiota of warm-blooded vertebrates consists of bacterial species belonging to two main phyla; Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. However, does it mean that the same bacterial species are found in humans and chickens? Here we show that the ability to survive in an aerobic environment is centra...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Microorganisms
Main Authors: Daniela Karasova, Marcela Faldynova, Jitka Matiasovicova, Alena Sebkova, Magdalena Crhanova, Tereza Kubasova, Zuzana Seidlerova, Hana Prikrylova, Jiri Volf, Michal Zeman, Vladimir Babak, Helena Juricova, Jana Rajova, Lenka Vlasatikova, Petr Rysavka, Ivan Rychlik
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022
Subjects:
chicken
pig
human
penguin
gut microbiota
host adaptation
Biology (General)
QH301-705.5
Antarctic
Antarc*
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10061085
https://doaj.org/article/61e3e0b78e184e46a7a8cf67431104ff
Description
Summary:The gut microbiota of warm-blooded vertebrates consists of bacterial species belonging to two main phyla; Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. However, does it mean that the same bacterial species are found in humans and chickens? Here we show that the ability to survive in an aerobic environment is central for host species adaptation. Known bacterial species commonly found in humans, pigs, chickens and Antarctic gentoo penguins are those capable of extended survival under aerobic conditions, i.e., either spore-forming, aerotolerant or facultatively anaerobic bacteria. Such bacteria are ubiquitously distributed in the environment, which acts as the source of infection with similar probability in humans, pigs, chickens, penguins and likely any other warm-blooded omnivorous hosts. On the other hand, gut anaerobes with no specific adaptation for survival in an aerobic environment exhibit host adaptation. This is associated with their vertical transmission from mothers to offspring and long-term colonisation after administration of a single dose. This knowledge influences the design of next-generation probiotics. The origin of aerotolerant or spore-forming probiotic strains may not be that important. On the other hand, if Bacteroidetes and other host-adapted species are used as future probiotics, host preference should be considered.

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