Genetic Mechanism of Tissue-Specific Expression of PPAR Genes in Turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) at Different Temperatures

• Published in: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
• Main Authors: Xinan Wang, Tingting Zhao, Aijun Ma
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2022
• Subjects: genotype; tissue; interactions; PPAR genes; turbot Scophthalmus maximus; Biology (General); QH301-705.5; Chemistry; QD1-999; Scophthalmus maximus; Turbot
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012205; https://doaj.org/article/5f8852862a174034b44871859a69469f

In this study, we used PCR to measure the levels of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor genes PPARα1 , PPARα2 , PPARβ, and PPARγ in the intestine, liver, gill, heart, kidney, brain, muscle, spleen, skin, and stomach of turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) cultured under different temperature conditions (14, 20, 23, 25, and 28 °C). We used split-split-plot (SSP) analysis of variance, additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis, and genotype main effects and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis to evaluate the genotype × tissue interaction effects on gene expression. The results of the SSP analysis of variance showed that temperature and tissue × gene have highly significant ( p < 0.01) effect on the expression of S. maximus PPAR genes. The AMMI analysis results revealed that the expression of PPAR genes at the appropriate temperature (14 °C) mainly depended on genotype × tissue interaction and tissue effects. Under stress temperatures, genotype effects, tissue effects, and genotype × tissue interaction, all had significant effects on the expression of PPAR genes. The contribution of the genotype effect slowly increased with increasing temperature; it increased faster at 20 °C and then slowly declined at 25 °C. The contribution of the tissue effect slowly increased from 14 to 20 °C, where it sharply decreased, and then it stabilized after a slight fluctuation. The contribution of the genotype × tissue interaction effect showed a fluctuating upward trend throughout the experiment, and it had a significant impact on PPAR gene expression. The key temperature at which the three effects changed was 20 °C, indicating that it is the limit temperature for active lipid metabolism under high-temperature stress. The GGE biplot analysis results showed that under suitable water temperature, the expression difference of PPAR genes in the liver was the largest; at 20 and 23 °C, the expression difference in the gill was the largest; and at 25 and 28 °C, the expression ...